feat(paises): add country browser and extract shared radio transport

Extracts ServicioRadio's transport loop (server discovery, host rotation, bounded retries, User-Agent, timeout, status check, json.decode, sticky-host bookkeeping) out of `_get` into a new `_getJson(path, params) -> Future<List<dynamic>>` helper, moved as one block with no logic edits. `_get` is reimplemented on top, still owning every station-specific concern: `lastcheckok: '1'`, `Emisora.fromApi` + the empty-uuid/url filter, and the `_compararCalidad` quality sort. `_getJson` is deliberately sort-agnostic and filter-agnostic so a non-station endpoint can reuse the resilience behaviour without inheriting station-only semantics. Non-negotiable ordering followed per design ADR-4: new test/servicios/servicio_radio_transporte_test.dart characterises all 8 existing station calls (7 via `_get` plus `registrarClick`, which builds its own URI) against the UNMODIFIED `_get` first - green by construction - pinning path, lastcheckok=1, hidebroken=true, a non-empty User-Agent, exact order/reverse/limit/offset, and the exact returned UUID sequence from a fixture with deliberately shuffled bitrate/clickcount/votes. That last assertion is what makes the extraction safe: a sort that silently sank into transport would pass every other check. Re-running the same file after the extraction is byte-identical green. test/servicios/servicio_radio_test.dart is untouched by this work unit - its passing unmodified is itself a signal that transport wasn't disturbed. The 6 pre-existing `order: bitrate` occurrences (obtenerPopulares, buscarPorNombre, buscarPorPais, buscarPorIdioma, buscarPorTag, buscar) are untouched - a deliberate server-side quality bias deciding which stations return within `limit`, unrelated to and never to be confused with the user-facing "Ordenar" control, which stays entirely client-side via the existing OrdenEmisoras (Engram reference/radio-browser-sort-order). Behaviour delta, accepted per ADR-4, not a regression: moving `_servidorActual` bookkeeping into `_getJson` means a successful `/json/countries` call now warms the sticky host for subsequent station calls too - one shared warm mirror per instance, desirable, not per-call-type state. Adds the Paises browser over the verified `/json/countries` contract (Engram reference/radio-browser-countries-endpoint): new lib/modelos/pais_radio.dart (`PaisRadio.fromApi` parses `stationcount` via `int.tryParse` since the API returns it as a JSON string, not an int - an `as int` cast would throw), `obtenerPaises()` sends neither `lastcheckok` nor `order` (the screen sorts client-side by name; the API's raw byte order isn't proper collation for any locale this app ships), and inherits `hidebroken=true` from the unchanged `_uri` (desirable here too, since the endpoint's own default is false). `EstadoBusqueda` gains `paises`/`cargandoPaises`/`cargarPaises()` with an in-memory cache guard so re-entering the screen never refetches. New PantallaPaises (lib/pantallas/pantalla_paises.dart): a "Tus idiomas" shortlist (one representative country per the app's 13 supported locales, matched against the fetched list - the proposal/spec name this section but don't specify its derivation) above the full alphabetical list, each entry showing its parsed station count. Reachable from Buscar's discovery landing state via a new entry row, added now rather than left dangling per this file's own forward-reference comment (and the WU15/WU15b lesson: a fully-tested but unreachable screen is a real defect, not a follow-up). New ARB keys (en/es only, matching this change's established precedent): countriesScreenTitle, countriesYourLanguagesTitle, countriesAllTitle, radioCountriesError. Tests: 631 -> 649 (2 skipped, unchanged). flutter analyze unchanged at 1 pre-existing info. grep confirms `countrycodes` appears nowhere in lib/.
2026-07-29 09:36:31 +02:00
parent 9bd828139f
commit c6f16c81b5
27 changed files with 1087 additions and 46 deletions
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import 'package:geolocator/geolocator.dart';

 import '../l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
 import '../modelos/emisora.dart';
+import '../modelos/pais_radio.dart';
 import '../servicios/servicio_radio.dart';
 import 'orden_emisoras.dart';

@@ -50,6 +51,8 @@ class EstadoBusqueda extends ChangeNotifier {
  String? _ultimoIdioma;
  String? _ultimoTag;
  int? _ultimoMinBitrate;
+  List<PaisRadio> _paises = [];
+  bool _cargandoPaises = false;

  final _memoResultados = MemoLista<Emisora>();
  final _memoCercanas = MemoLista<Emisora>();
@@ -68,6 +71,8 @@ class EstadoBusqueda extends ChangeNotifier {
  bool get cargandoCercanas => _cargandoCercanas;
  String? get paisCercanoDetectado => _paisCercanoDetectado;
  String? get errorCercanas => _errorCercanas;
+  List<PaisRadio> get paises => _paises;
+  bool get cargandoPaises => _cargandoPaises;

  /// Re-renders sorted views after the user changes the list ordering
  /// (called by EstadoRadio, which owns that preference).
@@ -219,4 +224,33 @@ class EstadoBusqueda extends ChangeNotifier {
      notifyListeners();
    }
  }
+
+  /// Fetches the Países browser's country list (WU7, `station-discovery-browse`
+  /// spec). In-memory cache guard: once populated, re-entering the screen
+  /// does not refetch — this is deliberately NOT time-based invalidation,
+  /// since the country/station-count universe changes on a scale of days,
+  /// not per app session.
+  ///
+  /// Sorted once here (case-insensitive by name, same convention as
+  /// `ordenarEmisoras`'s `OrdenEmisoras.nombre` case) since the API orders by
+  /// raw byte order, not proper collation (design ADR-4).
+  Future<void> cargarPaises() async {
+    if (_paises.isNotEmpty || _cargandoPaises) return;
+    _cargandoPaises = true;
+    notifyListeners();
+    try {
+      // Defensive copy: `radio.obtenerPaises()` makes no growable/mutable
+      // guarantee about the list it returns (tests may hand back a `const`
+      // list) — sorting in place would throw on an unmodifiable list.
+      final ordenados = List<PaisRadio>.of(await radio.obtenerPaises())..sort(
+        (a, b) => a.nombre.toLowerCase().compareTo(b.nombre.toLowerCase()),
+      );
+      _paises = ordenados;
+    } catch (_) {
+      _alError?.call(_textos().radioCountriesError);
+    } finally {
+      _cargandoPaises = false;
+      notifyListeners();
+    }
+  }
 }
@@ -309,6 +309,10 @@
  "searchNoResultsSubtitle": "Try removing filters or typing another name to find an active station.",
  "searchResultsCount": "{count, plural, =1{1 result} other{{count} results}}",
  "searchClearFiltersAction": "{count, plural, =1{Clear filter} other{Clear {count} filters}}",
+  "countriesScreenTitle": "Countries",
+  "countriesYourLanguagesTitle": "Your languages",
+  "countriesAllTitle": "All countries",
+  "radioCountriesError": "We couldn't load the countries.",
  "countrySpain": "Spain",
  "countryUsa": "USA",
  "countryMexico": "Mexico",
@@ -309,6 +309,10 @@
  "searchNoResultsSubtitle": "Probá quitar filtros o escribir otro nombre para encontrar una señal activa.",
  "searchResultsCount": "{count, plural, =1{1 resultado} other{{count} resultados}}",
  "searchClearFiltersAction": "{count, plural, =1{Quitar el filtro} other{Quitar los {count} filtros}}",
+  "countriesScreenTitle": "Países",
+  "countriesYourLanguagesTitle": "Tus idiomas",
+  "countriesAllTitle": "Todos los países",
+  "radioCountriesError": "No pudimos cargar los países.",
  "countrySpain": "España",
  "countryUsa": "EE. UU.",
  "countryMexico": "México",
@@ -1150,6 +1150,30 @@ abstract class AppLocalizations {
  /// **'{count, plural, =1{Quitar el filtro} other{Quitar los {count} filtros}}'**
  String searchClearFiltersAction(num count);

+  /// No description provided for @countriesScreenTitle.
+  ///
+  /// In es, this message translates to:
+  /// **'Países'**
+  String get countriesScreenTitle;
+
+  /// No description provided for @countriesYourLanguagesTitle.
+  ///
+  /// In es, this message translates to:
+  /// **'Tus idiomas'**
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle;
+
+  /// No description provided for @countriesAllTitle.
+  ///
+  /// In es, this message translates to:
+  /// **'Todos los países'**
+  String get countriesAllTitle;
+
+  /// No description provided for @radioCountriesError.
+  ///
+  /// In es, this message translates to:
+  /// **'No pudimos cargar los países.'**
+  String get radioCountriesError;
+
  /// No description provided for @countrySpain.
  ///
  /// In es, this message translates to:
@@ -611,6 +611,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsAr extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'إسبانيا';

@@ -615,6 +615,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsBn extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'স্পেন';

@@ -618,6 +618,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsDe extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'Spanien';

@@ -612,6 +612,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsEn extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Countries';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Your languages';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'All countries';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'We couldn\'t load the countries.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'Spain';

@@ -616,6 +616,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsEs extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'España';

@@ -620,6 +620,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsFr extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'Espagne';

@@ -613,6 +613,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsHi extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'स्पेन';

@@ -614,6 +614,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsId extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'Spanyol';

@@ -616,6 +616,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsIt extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'Spagna';

@@ -593,6 +593,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsJa extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'スペイン';

@@ -615,6 +615,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsPt extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'Espanha';

@@ -616,6 +616,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsRu extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => 'Испания';

@@ -591,6 +591,18 @@ class AppLocalizationsZh extends AppLocalizations {
    return '$_temp0';
  }

+  @override
+  String get countriesScreenTitle => 'Países';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesYourLanguagesTitle => 'Tus idiomas';
+
+  @override
+  String get countriesAllTitle => 'Todos los países';
+
+  @override
+  String get radioCountriesError => 'No pudimos cargar los países.';
+
  @override
  String get countrySpain => '西班牙';

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/// Country entry from the Radio Browser `/json/countries` endpoint.
+///
+/// `stationcount` arrives as a JSON **string**, not a number — an `as int`
+/// cast throws at runtime. This model always goes through `int.tryParse`
+/// and defaults safely when a field is missing or malformed (Engram
+/// `reference/radio-browser-countries-endpoint`, id 2500).
+class PaisRadio {
+  const PaisRadio({
+    required this.nombre,
+    required this.codigoIso,
+    required this.numeroEmisoras,
+  });
+
+  /// `name` — country name as the API returns it (not translated).
+  final String nombre;
+
+  /// `iso_3166_1` — ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, normalized to uppercase.
+  final String codigoIso;
+
+  /// `stationcount`, parsed from its JSON string form.
+  final int numeroEmisoras;
+
+  factory PaisRadio.fromApi(Map<String, dynamic> json) => PaisRadio(
+    nombre: json['name'] as String? ?? '',
+    codigoIso: (json['iso_3166_1'] as String? ?? '').toUpperCase(),
+    numeroEmisoras: int.tryParse('${json['stationcount'] ?? ''}') ?? 0,
+  );
+}
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ import '../widgets/pluri_glass_surface.dart';
 import '../widgets/pluri_icon.dart';
 import '../widgets/pluri_layout.dart';
 import '../widgets/pluri_premium_widgets.dart';
+import '../widgets/pluri_push_scaffold.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/widgets/tarjeta_emisora.dart';

+import 'pantalla_paises.dart';
 import 'reproducir_minimizado.dart';

 const _paises = [
@@ -190,6 +192,7 @@ class _PantallaBuscarState extends State<PantallaBuscar> {
          _seccionCercanas(context, theme, l10n),
          _seccionTendencias(context, theme, l10n),
          _chipGeneros(context, theme, l10n),
+          _seccionPaises(context, theme, l10n),
          if (context.select<EstadoRadio, String?>((e) => e.error) != null)
            _errorBanner(
              context,
@@ -213,21 +216,15 @@ class _PantallaBuscarState extends State<PantallaBuscar> {
    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
    final pills = <Widget>[
      if (_paisSeleccionado != null)
-        _pillFiltro(
-          _paisLabelSeleccionado(l10n) ?? _paisSeleccionado!,
-          () {
-            setState(() => _paisSeleccionado = null);
-            _buscar();
-          },
-        ),
+        _pillFiltro(_paisLabelSeleccionado(l10n) ?? _paisSeleccionado!, () {
+          setState(() => _paisSeleccionado = null);
+          _buscar();
+        }),
      if (_idiomaSeleccionado != null)
-        _pillFiltro(
-          _idiomaLabelSeleccionado(l10n) ?? _idiomaSeleccionado!,
-          () {
-            setState(() => _idiomaSeleccionado = null);
-            _buscar();
-          },
-        ),
+        _pillFiltro(_idiomaLabelSeleccionado(l10n) ?? _idiomaSeleccionado!, () {
+          setState(() => _idiomaSeleccionado = null);
+          _buscar();
+        }),
      if (_calidadMinima != null)
        _pillFiltro('≥$_calidadMinima kbps', () {
          setState(() => _calidadMinima = null);
@@ -249,7 +246,8 @@ class _PantallaBuscarState extends State<PantallaBuscar> {
      child: Column(
        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
        children: [
-          if (pills.isNotEmpty) Wrap(spacing: 8, runSpacing: 8, children: pills),
+          if (pills.isNotEmpty)
+            Wrap(spacing: 8, runSpacing: 8, children: pills),
          if (pills.isNotEmpty && estado.resultados.isNotEmpty)
            const SizedBox(height: 10),
          if (!estado.cargando && estado.resultados.isNotEmpty)
@@ -438,9 +436,7 @@ class _PantallaBuscarState extends State<PantallaBuscar> {
                    selected: seleccionado == value,
                    visualDensity: VisualDensity.compact,
                    onSelected:
-                        (_) => onChanged(
-                          seleccionado == value ? null : value,
-                        ),
+                        (_) => onChanged(seleccionado == value ? null : value),
                  ),
              ],
            ),
@@ -486,9 +482,7 @@ class _PantallaBuscarState extends State<PantallaBuscar> {
                    selected: seleccionado == value,
                    visualDensity: VisualDensity.compact,
                    onSelected:
-                        (_) => onChanged(
-                          seleccionado == value ? null : value,
-                        ),
+                        (_) => onChanged(seleccionado == value ? null : value),
                  ),
              ],
            ),
@@ -527,7 +521,9 @@ class _PantallaBuscarState extends State<PantallaBuscar> {
            child: PluriEmptyState(
              glyph: PluriIconGlyph.search,
              title:
-                  sinFiltros ? l10n.searchEmptyTitle : l10n.searchNoResultsTitle,
+                  sinFiltros
+                      ? l10n.searchEmptyTitle
+                      : l10n.searchNoResultsTitle,
              subtitle:
                  sinFiltros
                      ? l10n.searchEmptySubtitle
@@ -803,6 +799,46 @@ class _PantallaBuscarState extends State<PantallaBuscar> {
    );
  }

+  /// WU7, `station-discovery-browse` spec: the "Países entry point" the
+  /// spec's landing-state scenario lists. Deferred from WU6 (this class's
+  /// own doc comment: `PantallaPaises` did not exist yet); added here now
+  /// that it does, alongside the screen it targets — an unreachable screen
+  /// would repeat the WU15/WU15b lesson (a fully-tested screen shipped with
+  /// no navigation path to it).
+  Widget _seccionPaises(
+    BuildContext context,
+    ThemeData theme,
+    AppLocalizations l10n,
+  ) {
+    return Padding(
+      padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(
+        PluriLayout.horizontal,
+        8,
+        PluriLayout.horizontal,
+        0,
+      ),
+      child: PluriGlassSurface(
+        padding: EdgeInsets.zero,
+        // `PluriGlassSurface` paints via `DecoratedBox`, not `Material` — a
+        // tappable `ListTile` needs its own `Material` ancestor or its ink
+        // splash silently fails to paint (Flutter's own debug assertion).
+        child: Material(
+          type: MaterialType.transparency,
+          child: ListTile(
+            leading: const Icon(Icons.public_rounded),
+            title: Text(l10n.countriesScreenTitle),
+            trailing: const Icon(Icons.chevron_right_rounded),
+            onTap:
+                () => PluriPushScaffold.push(
+                  context,
+                  (_) => const PantallaPaises(),
+                ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
  Widget _errorBanner(
    BuildContext context,
    String error,
@@ -892,7 +928,11 @@ class _PantallaBuscarState extends State<PantallaBuscar> {
          (context, i) => TarjetaEmisora(
            emisora: emisoras[i],
            onTap: () => reproducirMinimizado(context, emisoras[i]),
-          ).pluriFadeSlideIn(context, delay: Duration(milliseconds: i * 30), beginY: 0.1),
+          ).pluriFadeSlideIn(
+            context,
+            delay: Duration(milliseconds: i * 30),
+            beginY: 0.1,
+          ),
    );
  }
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
+
+import '../estado/estado_busqueda.dart';
+import '../l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
+import '../modelos/pais_radio.dart';
+import '../widgets/pluri_glass_surface.dart';
+import '../widgets/pluri_layout.dart';
+import '../widgets/pluri_push_scaffold.dart';
+
+/// WU7, `station-discovery-browse` spec — "Países Browser Over the Verified
+/// Countries Contract". Pure display over `EstadoBusqueda.cargarPaises()`
+/// (in-memory cache guard, so re-entering this screen never re-fetches):
+/// a "Tus idiomas" shortlist above the full alphabetical list, both with
+/// live station counts already parsed from the API's `stationcount`
+/// **string** field (`PaisRadio.fromApi`, Engram id 2500).
+class PantallaPaises extends StatefulWidget {
+  const PantallaPaises({super.key});
+
+  @override
+  State<PantallaPaises> createState() => _PantallaPaisesState();
+}
+
+class _PantallaPaisesState extends State<PantallaPaises> {
+  /// One representative country per app-supported locale (the same 13
+  /// locales as `pantalla_ajustes_idioma.dart`'s `_idiomas` list). "Tus
+  /// idiomas" is named by the proposal/spec but its derivation is not
+  /// otherwise specified — this reuses the app's own existing language
+  /// identity rather than inventing a separate curated country list.
+  static const _paisPorIdioma = <String, String>{
+    'en': 'US',
+    'es': 'ES',
+    'zh': 'CN',
+    'hi': 'IN',
+    'ar': 'SA',
+    'pt': 'PT',
+    'fr': 'FR',
+    'ru': 'RU',
+    'de': 'DE',
+    'ja': 'JP',
+    'id': 'ID',
+    'bn': 'BD',
+    'it': 'IT',
+  };
+
+  @override
+  void initState() {
+    super.initState();
+    // `cargarPaises()` calls `notifyListeners()` before its first `await`
+    // (its loading-flag flip) — doing that synchronously inside `initState`
+    // would trigger "setState() or markNeedsBuild() called during build."
+    // Deferred to a post-frame callback, matching the established pattern
+    // for triggering a load from a screen's `initState`/`build`
+    // (`pantalla_alarmas.dart`'s `_favoritosSolicitados` guard).
+    WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) {
+      if (mounted) context.read<EstadoBusqueda>().cargarPaises();
+    });
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
+    final l10n = AppLocalizations.of(context);
+    final estado = context.watch<EstadoBusqueda>();
+
+    return PluriPushScaffold(
+      title: l10n.countriesScreenTitle,
+      body:
+          estado.cargandoPaises && estado.paises.isEmpty
+              ? const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator())
+              : ListView(
+                padding: PluriLayout.pageContentPadding,
+                children: [
+                  _seccionTusIdiomas(context, estado.paises, l10n),
+                  const SizedBox(height: 16),
+                  _seccionTodos(context, estado.paises, l10n),
+                ],
+              ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  Widget _seccionTusIdiomas(
+    BuildContext context,
+    List<PaisRadio> paises,
+    AppLocalizations l10n,
+  ) {
+    final porCodigo = {for (final p in paises) p.codigoIso: p};
+    final destacados =
+        _paisPorIdioma.values
+            .map((codigo) => porCodigo[codigo])
+            .whereType<PaisRadio>()
+            .toList();
+
+    if (destacados.isEmpty) return const SizedBox.shrink();
+
+    final theme = Theme.of(context);
+    return PluriGlassSurface(
+      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(12),
+      child: Column(
+        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
+        children: [
+          Text(
+            l10n.countriesYourLanguagesTitle,
+            style: theme.textTheme.titleMedium?.copyWith(
+              fontWeight: FontWeight.w900,
+            ),
+          ),
+          const SizedBox(height: 8),
+          Wrap(
+            spacing: 8,
+            runSpacing: 8,
+            children: [
+              for (final pais in destacados)
+                Chip(
+                  label: Text(
+                    '${pais.nombre} · ${l10n.stationsCount(pais.numeroEmisoras)}',
+                  ),
+                ),
+            ],
+          ),
+        ],
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  Widget _seccionTodos(
+    BuildContext context,
+    List<PaisRadio> paises,
+    AppLocalizations l10n,
+  ) {
+    final theme = Theme.of(context);
+    return PluriGlassSurface(
+      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(12),
+      child: Column(
+        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
+        children: [
+          Text(
+            l10n.countriesAllTitle,
+            style: theme.textTheme.titleMedium?.copyWith(
+              fontWeight: FontWeight.w900,
+            ),
+          ),
+          const SizedBox(height: 4),
+          ListView.separated(
+            shrinkWrap: true,
+            physics: const NeverScrollableScrollPhysics(),
+            itemCount: paises.length,
+            separatorBuilder: (_, __) => const Divider(height: 1),
+            itemBuilder: (context, i) {
+              final pais = paises[i];
+              return ListTile(
+                contentPadding: EdgeInsets.zero,
+                title: Text(pais.nombre),
+                trailing: Text(l10n.stationsCount(pais.numeroEmisoras)),
+              );
+            },
+          ),
+        ],
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+}
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
 import 'package:package_info_plus/package_info_plus.dart';

 import '../modelos/emisora.dart';
+import '../modelos/pais_radio.dart';

 /// Cliente para la Radio Browser API (https://api.radio-browser.info/).
 ///
@@ -157,7 +158,25 @@ class ServicioRadio {
    return _descubrimientoEnCurso!;
  }

-  Future<List<Emisora>> _get(String path, Map<String, String> params) async {
+  /// Transport ONLY: server discovery, host rotation, bounded retries,
+  /// User-Agent, timeout, status check, `json.decode`, sticky-host
+  /// bookkeeping. No filters, no models, no ordering — deliberately
+  /// sort-agnostic and filter-agnostic so non-station endpoints (e.g.
+  /// `/json/countries`, via [obtenerPaises]) can reuse this resilience
+  /// behaviour without inheriting station-only semantics such as
+  /// `lastcheckok` or bitrate ordering (design ADR-4).
+  ///
+  /// Extracted verbatim from `_get` — no logic edits — so the 8 existing
+  /// station calls stay byte-identical
+  /// (`test/servicios/servicio_radio_transporte_test.dart`).
+  ///
+  /// Named behaviour delta, accepted per ADR-4: `_servidorActual` is set here
+  /// on success/failure, so a successful `/json/countries` call now warms
+  /// the sticky host for subsequent station calls too.
+  Future<List<dynamic>> _getJson(
+    String path,
+    Map<String, String> params,
+  ) async {
    await _descubrirServidores();
    Exception? ultimoError;
    final indiceBase = _indiceServidorInicial();
@@ -165,14 +184,11 @@ class ServicioRadio {

    for (int intento = 0; intento < totalIntentos; intento++) {
      final servidor = _servidorPorIntento(indiceBase, intento);
-      final uri = _uri(servidor, path, {'lastcheckok': '1', ...params});
+      final uri = _uri(servidor, path, params);

      try {
        final resp = await _cliente
-            .get(
-              uri,
-              headers: {'User-Agent': await _resolverUserAgent()},
-            )
+            .get(uri, headers: {'User-Agent': await _resolverUserAgent()})
            .timeout(_timeout);

        if (resp.statusCode != 200) {
@@ -181,14 +197,7 @@ class ServicioRadio {

        final lista = json.decode(resp.body) as List<dynamic>;
        _servidorActual = servidor;
-        final emisoras =
-            lista
-                .cast<Map<String, dynamic>>()
-                .map(Emisora.fromApi)
-                .where((e) => e.uuid.isNotEmpty && e.url.isNotEmpty)
-                .toList();
-        emisoras.sort(_compararCalidad);
-        return emisoras;
+        return lista;
      } on Exception catch (e) {
        ultimoError = e;
        _servidorActual = null;
@@ -203,6 +212,22 @@ class ServicioRadio {
    throw ultimoError ?? Exception('Error desconocido al consultar la API');
  }

+  /// Station layer over [_getJson]: adds the station-only `lastcheckok`
+  /// filter, maps to [Emisora], drops entries with an empty `uuid`/`url`,
+  /// and applies the quality sort. None of this belongs in transport — see
+  /// [_getJson]'s doc comment.
+  Future<List<Emisora>> _get(String path, Map<String, String> params) async {
+    final lista = await _getJson(path, {'lastcheckok': '1', ...params});
+    final emisoras =
+        lista
+            .cast<Map<String, dynamic>>()
+            .map(Emisora.fromApi)
+            .where((e) => e.uuid.isNotEmpty && e.url.isNotEmpty)
+            .toList();
+    emisoras.sort(_compararCalidad);
+    return emisoras;
+  }
+
  /// Emisoras más votadas globalmente.
  Future<List<Emisora>> obtenerPopulares({
    int limit = 30,
@@ -301,6 +326,34 @@ class ServicioRadio {
    });
  }

+  /// Países disponibles vía `/json/countries` (station-discovery-browse
+  /// spec — "Países Browser Over the Verified Countries Contract").
+  ///
+  /// Deliberately reuses [_getJson], never [_get]:
+  /// - **No `lastcheckok`.** That filter is station-only and meaningless on
+  ///   a countries listing — sending it would be the whole bug this
+  ///   extraction exists to avoid (Engram id 2500).
+  /// - **No `order` parameter.** Not because the endpoint default is
+  ///   convenient, but because the screen sorts client-side by name anyway:
+  ///   the API orders by raw byte order, which is not proper collation for
+  ///   any locale this app ships (Engram id 2505's client-side-sort
+  ///   reasoning applies here too).
+  /// - `hidebroken=true` is still applied (inherited from `_uri`, unchanged)
+  ///   — the endpoint's own default is `false`, so this keeps dead stations
+  ///   out of the per-country counts, which is desirable, not a station-only
+  ///   concern.
+  ///
+  /// The `.where(...)` guard mirrors `_get`'s own precedent of dropping
+  /// entries with empty required fields — not a claim about API behaviour.
+  Future<List<PaisRadio>> obtenerPaises() async {
+    final lista = await _getJson('/json/countries', const {});
+    return lista
+        .whereType<Map<String, dynamic>>()
+        .map(PaisRadio.fromApi)
+        .where((p) => p.nombre.isNotEmpty && p.codigoIso.length == 2)
+        .toList();
+  }
+
  int _compararCalidad(Emisora a, Emisora b) {
    final bitrateA = a.bitrate ?? 0;
    final bitrateB = b.bitrate ?? 0;