chore: bump version to 0.1.6+7 [ci skip]

- Added state management for startup retry and custom station handling in `EstadoRadio`.
- Created tasks for implementing strict TDD with RED tests for HTTP failure retries and EQ persistence.
- Developed verification report to ensure compliance with TDD practices.
- Introduced fake services for testing, including `FakeServicioAudio`, `FakeServicioFavoritos`, and `FakeServicioRadio`.
- Implemented widget tests for `PantallaInicio` and `PantallaFavoritos` to validate UI behavior with custom stations.
- Enhanced `ServicioRadio` to support host rotation and retry logic for API calls.
- Established a new configuration file to enforce project constraints and testing rules.

.gitignore

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ migrate_working_dir/
 .pub/
 /build/
 /coverage/
+.atl/
 
 # Symbolication related
 app.*.symbols

lib/app.dart

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class _PaginaPrincipalState extends State<_PaginaPrincipal> {
               else
                 Wrap(
                   spacing: 8,
-                  children:  [3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180];
+                  children: [3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180]
                       .map((min) => ActionChip(
                             label: Text('$min min'),
                             onPressed: () {

lib/estado/estado_radio.dart

@@ -4,50 +4,121 @@ import 'dart:io';
 
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
+
 import '../modelos/emisora.dart';
 import '../modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart';
 import '../servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
+import '../servicios/servicio_ecualizador.dart';
 import '../servicios/servicio_favoritos.dart';
 import '../servicios/servicio_radio.dart';
 import '../servicios/servicio_timer.dart';
 
 /// Estado global de la app con ChangeNotifier (Provider).
 class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
-  final ServicioAudio audio = ServicioAudio();
+  EstadoRadio({
-  final ServicioFavoritos favoritos = ServicioFavoritos();
+    ServicioAudio? audio,
-  final ServicioRadio radio = ServicioRadio();
+    ServicioFavoritos? favoritos,
-  late final ServicioTimer timer;
+    ServicioRadio? radio,
+    ServicioEcualizador? servicioEcualizador,
+    Future<File> Function()? resolverArchivoCustom,
+    bool iniciarAutomaticamente = true,
+  })  : audio = audio ?? ServicioAudio(),
+        favoritos = favoritos ?? ServicioFavoritos(),
+        radio = radio ?? ServicioRadio(),
+        servicioEcualizador = servicioEcualizador ?? ServicioEcualizador(),
+        _resolverArchivoCustom = resolverArchivoCustom {
+    timer = ServicioTimer(this.audio);
+    _escucharErroresReproduccion();
+    if (iniciarAutomaticamente) {
+      _initFuture = _init();
+    }
+  }
 
-  // Errores de reproducción → SnackBar
+  final ServicioAudio audio;
+  final ServicioFavoritos favoritos;
+  final ServicioRadio radio;
+  final ServicioEcualizador servicioEcualizador;
+  final Future<File> Function()? _resolverArchivoCustom;
+
+  late final ServicioTimer timer;
+  StreamSubscription<EstadoReproduccion>? _suscripcionEstadoAudio;
+  Future<void>? _initFuture;
+
+  // Errores de reproducción → SnackBar.
   final _errorController = StreamController<String>.broadcast();
   Stream<String> get errorStream => _errorController.stream;
 
   List<Emisora> _populares = [];
   List<Emisora> _tendencias = [];
   List<Emisora> _resultadosBusqueda = [];
-  List<Emisora> _listafavoritos = [];
+  List<Emisora> _listaFavoritos = [];
   List<Emisora> _emisorasCustom = [];
 
-  // Presets EQ guardados por uuid de emisora
+  // Presets EQ guardados por uuid de emisora.
   final Map<String, PresetEcualizador> _presetsEmisoraMap = {};
+  PresetEcualizador _presetPrincipal = PresetEcualizador.flat;
   PresetEcualizador _presetActual = PresetEcualizador.flat;
 
   bool _cargandoPopulares = false;
   bool _cargandoBusqueda = false;
   String? _errorCarga;
 
-  EstadoRadio() {
+  List<Emisora> get populares => _populares;
-    timer = ServicioTimer(audio);
+  List<Emisora> get tendencias => _tendencias;
-    _init();
+  List<Emisora> get resultadosBusqueda => _resultadosBusqueda;
-    _escucharErroresReproduccion();
+  List<Emisora> get listaFavoritos => _listaFavoritos;
+  List<Emisora> get emisorasCustom => _emisorasCustom;
+  bool get cargandoPopulares => _cargandoPopulares;
+  bool get cargandoBusqueda => _cargandoBusqueda;
+  String? get error => _errorCarga;
+  Emisora? get emisoraActual => audio.emisoraActual;
+  Stream<EstadoReproduccion> get estadoStream => audio.estadoStream;
+  PresetEcualizador get presetEcualizador => _presetActual;
+  PresetEcualizador get presetPrincipalEcualizador => _presetPrincipal;
+  bool get ecualizadorDisponible => audio.ecualizadorDisponible;
+
+  bool get emisoraActualEsFavorita {
+    final actual = emisoraActual;
+    if (actual == null) return false;
+    return _listaFavoritos.any((e) => e.uuid == actual.uuid);
   }
 
-  /// Escucha el stream de estado del audio y gestiona errores de reproducción
+  bool get emisoraActualTienePresetPropio {
-  /// de forma centralizada: cancela el timer y notifica al usuario.
+    final actual = emisoraActual;
+    if (actual == null) return false;
+    return tienePresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(actual.uuid);
+  }
+
+  /// Lista principal (home): custom + populares, sin duplicados.
+  List<Emisora> get emisorasInicio {
+    final mapa = <String, Emisora>{};
+    for (final emisora in _emisorasCustom) {
+      mapa[emisora.uuid] = emisora;
+    }
+    for (final emisora in _populares) {
+      mapa.putIfAbsent(emisora.uuid, () => emisora);
+    }
+    return mapa.values.toList();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> inicializar() {
+    _initFuture ??= _init();
+    return _initFuture!;
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _init() async {
+    await _cargarEcualizadorPersistido();
+    await Future.wait([
+      cargarPopulares(),
+      cargarFavoritos(),
+      _cargarEmisorasCustom(),
+    ]);
+  }
+
+  /// Escucha el stream de estado del audio y gestiona errores de reproducción.
   void _escucharErroresReproduccion() {
-    audio.estadoStream.listen((estado) {
+    _suscripcionEstadoAudio = audio.estadoStream.listen((estado) {
       if (estado == EstadoReproduccion.error) {
-        // Cancelar el timer si estaba activo — no debe contar sin audio
         if (timer.activo) {
           timer.cancelar();
         }
@@ -56,25 +127,20 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
     });
   }
 
-  List<Emisora> get populares => _populares;
+  Future<void> _cargarEcualizadorPersistido() async {
-  List<Emisora> get tendencias => _tendencias;
+    try {
-  List<Emisora> get resultadosBusqueda => _resultadosBusqueda;
+      final config = await servicioEcualizador.cargar();
-  List<Emisora> get listaFavoritos => _listafavoritos;
+      _presetPrincipal = config.principal;
-  List<Emisora> get emisorasCustom => _emisorasCustom;
+      _presetActual = config.principal;
-  bool get cargandoPopulares => _cargandoPopulares;
+      _presetsEmisoraMap
-  bool get cargandoBusqueda => _cargandoBusqueda;
+        ..clear()
-  String? get error => _errorCarga;
+        ..addAll(config.porEmisora);
-  Emisora? get emisoraActual => audio.emisoraActual;
+      await audio.aplicarPreset(_presetPrincipal);
-  Stream<EstadoReproduccion> get estadoStream => audio.estadoStream;
+    } catch (_) {
-  PresetEcualizador get presetEcualizador => _presetActual;
+      _presetPrincipal = PresetEcualizador.flat;
-  bool get ecualizadorDisponible => audio.ecualizadorDisponible;
+      _presetActual = PresetEcualizador.flat;
-
+      _presetsEmisoraMap.clear();
-  Future<void> _init() async {
+    }
-    await Future.wait([
-      cargarPopulares(),
-      cargarFavoritos(),
-      _cargarEmisoresCustom(),
-    ]);
   }
 
   Future<void> cargarPopulares() async {
@@ -88,7 +154,7 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
       ]);
       _populares = results[0];
       _tendencias = results[1];
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (_) {
       _errorCarga = 'Sin conexión a la API de radio';
     } finally {
       _cargandoPopulares = false;
@@ -97,7 +163,7 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
   }
 
   Future<void> cargarFavoritos() async {
-    _listafavoritos = await favoritos.obtenerTodos();
+    _listaFavoritos = await favoritos.obtenerTodos();
     notifyListeners();
   }
 
@@ -117,7 +183,7 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
         idioma: idioma,
         tag: tag,
       );
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (_) {
       _errorController.add('Error en la búsqueda. Comprueba tu conexión.');
     } finally {
       _cargandoBusqueda = false;
@@ -128,18 +194,13 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
   Future<void> reproducir(Emisora emisora) async {
     try {
       await audio.reproducir(emisora);
-      radio.registrarClick(emisora.uuid); // fire & forget
+      unawaited(radio.registrarClick(emisora.uuid));
-      // Restaurar preset del ecualizador de esta emisora
+      await _aplicarPresetActivo(_presetParaEmisora(emisora.uuid));
-      final preset = _presetsEmisoraMap[emisora.uuid] ?? PresetEcualizador.flat;
-      await cambiarPresetEcualizador(preset, guardPorEmisora: false);
       notifyListeners();
     } catch (e) {
-      // La reproducción falló: cancelar el timer para evitar estado inconsistente
-      // (el timer no debe contar si no hay audio reproduciéndose)
       if (timer.activo) {
         timer.cancelar();
       }
-      // Emitir mensaje claro al usuario con el nombre de la emisora
       final mensajeError = e.toString().replaceFirst('Exception: ', '');
       _errorController.add(
         mensajeError.isNotEmpty && mensajeError != 'Exception'
@@ -157,6 +218,9 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
 
   Future<bool> toggleFavorito(Emisora emisora) async {
     final esFav = await favoritos.toggleFavorito(emisora);
+    if (!esFav) {
+      await deshabilitarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(emisora.uuid, notificar: false);
+    }
     await cargarFavoritos();
     notifyListeners();
     return esFav;
@@ -164,43 +228,135 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
 
   Future<bool> esFavorito(String uuid) => favoritos.esFavorito(uuid);
 
-  // ── Ecualizador ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // ── Ecualizador ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  bool tienePresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(String uuid) =>
+      _presetsEmisoraMap.containsKey(uuid);
+
+  PresetEcualizador? presetEcualizadorPorEmisora(String uuid) =>
+      _presetsEmisoraMap[uuid];
+
+  PresetEcualizador _presetParaEmisora(String uuid) =>
+      _presetsEmisoraMap[uuid] ?? _presetPrincipal;
+
+  Future<void> _aplicarPresetActivo(PresetEcualizador preset) async {
+    _presetActual = preset;
+    await audio.aplicarPreset(preset);
+  }
+
+  Future<void> cambiarPresetPrincipalEcualizador(
+    PresetEcualizador preset, {
+    bool notificar = true,
+  }) async {
+    _presetPrincipal = preset;
+    await servicioEcualizador.guardarPrincipal(preset);
+
+    final actual = emisoraActual;
+    final puedeAplicarAhora =
+        actual == null || !_presetsEmisoraMap.containsKey(actual.uuid);
+    if (puedeAplicarAhora) {
+      await _aplicarPresetActivo(preset);
+    }
+
+    if (notificar) notifyListeners();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> guardarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(
+    String uuid,
+    PresetEcualizador preset, {
+    bool notificar = true,
+  }) async {
+    _presetsEmisoraMap[uuid] = preset;
+    await servicioEcualizador.guardarPorEmisora(uuid, preset);
+    if (emisoraActual?.uuid == uuid) {
+      await _aplicarPresetActivo(preset);
+    }
+    if (notificar) notifyListeners();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> habilitarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(
+    String uuid, {
+    PresetEcualizador? base,
+    bool notificar = true,
+  }) async {
+    final presetBase = base ?? _presetsEmisoraMap[uuid] ?? _presetPrincipal;
+    await guardarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(
+      uuid,
+      presetBase,
+      notificar: notificar,
+    );
+  }
+
+  Future<void> deshabilitarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(
+    String uuid, {
+    bool notificar = true,
+  }) async {
+    _presetsEmisoraMap.remove(uuid);
+    await servicioEcualizador.eliminarPorEmisora(uuid);
+    if (emisoraActual?.uuid == uuid) {
+      await _aplicarPresetActivo(_presetPrincipal);
+    }
+    if (notificar) notifyListeners();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> cambiarModoEcualizadorEmisoraActual({required bool usarPropio}) async {
+    final actual = emisoraActual;
+    if (actual == null) return;
+    if (usarPropio) {
+      await habilitarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(actual.uuid);
+    } else {
+      await deshabilitarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(actual.uuid);
+    }
+  }
 
   Future<void> cambiarPresetEcualizador(
     PresetEcualizador preset, {
-    bool guardPorEmisora = true,
+    bool guardarPorEmisora = true,
   }) async {
-    _presetActual = preset;
+    final actual = emisoraActual;
-    await audio.aplicarPreset(preset);
+    final usarPresetPropio = guardarPorEmisora &&
-    if (guardPorEmisora && emisoraActual != null) {
+        actual != null &&
-      _presetsEmisoraMap[emisoraActual!.uuid] = preset;
+        _presetsEmisoraMap.containsKey(actual.uuid);
+
+    if (usarPresetPropio) {
+      await guardarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(actual.uuid, preset);
+      return;
     }
-    notifyListeners();
+    await cambiarPresetPrincipalEcualizador(preset);
   }
 
   Future<void> cambiarBandaEcualizador(int index, double db) async {
     final bandas = List<double>.from(_presetActual.bandas);
-    if (index >= 0 && index < bandas.length) bandas[index] = db;
+    if (index < 0 || index >= bandas.length) return;
-    _presetActual = PresetEcualizador(nombre: 'Personalizado', bandas: bandas);
+
-    await audio.setBanda(index, db);
+    bandas[index] = db;
-    if (emisoraActual != null) {
+    final modificado = PresetEcualizador(
-      _presetsEmisoraMap[emisoraActual!.uuid] = _presetActual;
+      nombre: 'Personalizado',
-    }
+      bandas: bandas,
-    notifyListeners();
+    );
+    await cambiarPresetEcualizador(modificado);
   }
 
   // ── Emisoras personalizadas ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   Future<File> _archivoCustom() async {
+    if (_resolverArchivoCustom != null) {
+      return _resolverArchivoCustom();
+    }
     final dir = await getApplicationDocumentsDirectory();
     return File('${dir.path}/emisoras_custom.json');
   }
 
-  Future<void> _cargarEmisoresCustom() async {
+  Future<void> _cargarEmisorasCustom() async {
     try {
-      final f = await _archivoCustom();
+      final archivo = await _archivoCustom();
-      if (!await f.exists()) return;
+      if (!await archivo.exists()) {
-      final data = jsonDecode(await f.readAsString()) as List;
+        _emisorasCustom = [];
+        notifyListeners();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      final data = jsonDecode(await archivo.readAsString()) as List;
       _emisorasCustom = data
           .map((e) => Emisora.fromMap(Map<String, dynamic>.from(e as Map)))
           .toList();
@@ -210,24 +366,33 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
     notifyListeners();
   }
 
-  Future<void> _guardarEmisoresCustom() async {
+  Future<void> _guardarEmisorasCustom() async {
-    final f = await _archivoCustom();
+    final archivo = await _archivoCustom();
-    await f.writeAsString(jsonEncode(_emisorasCustom.map((e) => e.toMap()).toList()));
+    await archivo.writeAsString(
+      jsonEncode(_emisorasCustom.map((e) => e.toMap()).toList()),
+    );
   }
 
-  Future<void> agregarEmitoraCustom(Emisora emisora) async {
+  Future<void> agregarEmisoraCustom(Emisora emisora) async {
     _emisorasCustom.removeWhere((e) => e.uuid == emisora.uuid);
     _emisorasCustom.add(emisora);
-    await _guardarEmisoresCustom();
+    await _guardarEmisorasCustom();
     notifyListeners();
   }
 
-  Future<void> eliminarEmitoraCustom(String uuid) async {
+  // Compatibilidad con el nombre histórico (typo original).
+  Future<void> agregarEmitoraCustom(Emisora emisora) =>
+      agregarEmisoraCustom(emisora);
+
+  Future<void> eliminarEmisoraCustom(String uuid) async {
     _emisorasCustom.removeWhere((e) => e.uuid == uuid);
-    await _guardarEmisoresCustom();
+    await _guardarEmisorasCustom();
     notifyListeners();
   }
 
+  // Compatibilidad con el nombre histórico (typo original).
+  Future<void> eliminarEmitoraCustom(String uuid) => eliminarEmisoraCustom(uuid);
+
   // ── Export / Import ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
   /// Genera el JSON de toda la configuración.
@@ -238,6 +403,7 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
       'exportedAt': DateTime.now().toIso8601String(),
       'favoritos': favs.map((e) => e.toMap()).toList(),
       'emisorasCustom': _emisorasCustom.map((e) => e.toMap()).toList(),
+      'presetPrincipalEcualizador': _presetPrincipal.toJson(),
       'presetsEcualizador': _presetsEmisoraMap.map(
         (uuid, preset) => MapEntry(uuid, preset.toJson()),
       ),
@@ -249,27 +415,52 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
     final version = data['version'] as int? ?? 1;
     if (version != 1) throw Exception('Versión de configuración no compatible');
 
-    // Importar favoritos
     final favRaw = data['favoritos'] as List? ?? [];
     for (final raw in favRaw) {
       final emisora = Emisora.fromMap(Map<String, dynamic>.from(raw as Map));
       await favoritos.agregar(emisora);
     }
 
-    // Importar emisoras custom
     final customRaw = data['emisorasCustom'] as List? ?? [];
     _emisorasCustom = customRaw
         .map((e) => Emisora.fromMap(Map<String, dynamic>.from(e as Map)))
         .toList();
-    await _guardarEmisoresCustom();
+    await _guardarEmisorasCustom();
+
+    final principalRaw = data['presetPrincipalEcualizador'];
+    if (principalRaw is Map) {
+      _presetPrincipal = PresetEcualizador.desdeJson(
+        Map<String, dynamic>.from(principalRaw),
+      );
+    } else {
+      _presetPrincipal = PresetEcualizador.flat;
+    }
 
-    // Importar presets EQ
     final presetsRaw = data['presetsEcualizador'] as Map? ?? {};
-    _presetsEmisoraMap.clear();
+    _presetsEmisoraMap
-    presetsRaw.forEach((uuid, presetJson) {
+      ..clear()
-      _presetsEmisoraMap[uuid as String] =
+      ..addAll(
-          PresetEcualizador.desdeJson(Map<String, dynamic>.from(presetJson as Map));
+        presetsRaw.map<String, PresetEcualizador>(
-    });
+          (uuid, presetJson) => MapEntry(
+            uuid as String,
+            PresetEcualizador.desdeJson(
+              Map<String, dynamic>.from(presetJson as Map),
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+
+    await servicioEcualizador.guardarConfiguracion(
+      ConfiguracionEcualizador(
+        principal: _presetPrincipal,
+        porEmisora: _presetsEmisoraMap,
+      ),
+    );
+
+    final actual = emisoraActual;
+    final presetActivo =
+        actual == null ? _presetPrincipal : _presetParaEmisora(actual.uuid);
+    await _aplicarPresetActivo(presetActivo);
 
     await cargarFavoritos();
     notifyListeners();
@@ -289,6 +480,7 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
 
   @override
   void dispose() {
+    _suscripcionEstadoAudio?.cancel();
     _errorController.close();
     audio.dispose();
     timer.dispose();

lib/modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart

@@ -26,4 +26,20 @@ class PresetEcualizador {
 
   PresetEcualizador copyWithBandas(List<double> bandas) =>
       PresetEcualizador(nombre: 'Personalizado', bandas: bandas);
+
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other) {
+    if (identical(this, other)) return true;
+    if (other is! PresetEcualizador) return false;
+    if (nombre != other.nombre || bandas.length != other.bandas.length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < bandas.length; i++) {
+      if (bandas[i] != other.bandas[i]) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode => Object.hash(nombre, Object.hashAll(bandas));
 }

lib/pantallas/pantalla_ajustes.dart

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
 import 'package:uuid/uuid.dart';
 import '../estado/estado_radio.dart';
 import '../modelos/emisora.dart';
-import '../modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart';
 import '../widgets/ecualizador_widget.dart';
 
 class PantallaAjustes extends StatelessWidget {
@@ -44,6 +43,11 @@ class _SeccionEcualizador extends StatelessWidget {
     return Consumer<EstadoRadio>(
       builder: (ctx, estado, _) {
         final disponible = estado.ecualizadorDisponible;
+        final emisoraActual = estado.emisoraActual;
+        final mostrarModoPorEmisora =
+            emisoraActual != null && estado.emisoraActualEsFavorita;
+        final usandoEqPropio = estado.emisoraActualTienePresetPropio;
+
         return Padding(
           padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
           child: Column(
@@ -57,12 +61,29 @@ class _SeccionEcualizador extends StatelessWidget {
                   const Spacer(),
                   if (!disponible)
                     Chip(
-                      label: const Text('Reproduce una emisora para activar'),
+                      label: const Text('Se guarda aunque no esté activo'),
                       visualDensity: VisualDensity.compact,
                     ),
                 ],
               ),
-              if (disponible) ...[
+              if (mostrarModoPorEmisora) ...[
+                const SizedBox(height: 8),
+                SwitchListTile.adaptive(
+                  contentPadding: EdgeInsets.zero,
+                  title: const Text('Usar EQ propio para esta favorita'),
+                  subtitle: Text(
+                    usandoEqPropio
+                        ? 'Activo para ${emisoraActual.nombre}'
+                        : 'Usando EQ principal para ${emisoraActual.nombre}',
+                  ),
+                  value: usandoEqPropio,
+                  onChanged: (usarPropio) {
+                    estado.cambiarModoEcualizadorEmisoraActual(
+                      usarPropio: usarPropio,
+                    );
+                  },
+                ),
+              ],
               const SizedBox(height: 8),
               PresetsEcualizadorWidget(
                 presetActual: estado.presetEcualizador,
@@ -72,13 +93,10 @@ class _SeccionEcualizador extends StatelessWidget {
               EcualizadorWidget(
                 preset: estado.presetEcualizador,
                 onCambio: (p) {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < p.bandas.length; i++) {
+                  estado.cambiarPresetEcualizador(p);
-                      estado.cambiarBandaEcualizador(i, p.bandas[i]);
-                    }
                 },
               ),
             ],
-            ],
           ),
         );
       },

lib/pantallas/pantalla_inicio.dart

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class _PantallaInicioState extends State<PantallaInicio> {
   Widget _gridEmisoras(EstadoRadio estado, ThemeData theme) {
     final emisoras = _generoSeleccionado != null
         ? estado.resultadosBusqueda
-        : estado.populares;
+        : estado.emisorasInicio;
     final cargando = estado.cargandoPopulares ||
         (_generoSeleccionado != null && estado.cargandoBusqueda);
 

lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart

@@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ import 'dart:developer' as developer;
 
 import 'package:audio_service/audio_service.dart';
 import 'package:just_audio/just_audio.dart';
+
 import '../modelos/emisora.dart';
 import '../modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart';
 
 /// Estado de reproducción expuesto al UI.
 enum EstadoReproduccion { detenido, cargando, reproduciendo, pausado, error }
 
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 // Handler global — inicializado en main.dart con AudioService.init
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 PluriWaveAudioHandler? _handlerGlobal;
 
 void registrarHandler(PluriWaveAudioHandler handler) {
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ class ServicioAudio {
   bool get estaSonando => _handler.playbackState.value.playing;
   Future<void> dispose() async {}
 
-  // ── Ecualizador ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // ── Ecualizador ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   AndroidEqualizer? get ecualizador => _handler.ecualizador;
   bool get ecualizadorDisponible => _handler.ecualizadorDisponible;
   PresetEcualizador get presetActual => _handler.presetActual;
@@ -85,9 +86,9 @@ class ServicioAudio {
       _handler.setBanda(index, db);
 }
 
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 // AudioHandler
-// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+// ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler with SeekHandler {
   final AndroidEqualizer _eq = AndroidEqualizer();
 
@@ -132,9 +133,6 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler with SeekHandler {
       playbackState.add(playbackState.value.copyWith(bufferedPosition: pos));
     });
 
-    // ── Escuchar errores de ExoPlayer ─────────────────────────────────────
-    // Captura todos los PlaybackException: TYPE_SOURCE (HTTP cleartext,
-    // certificado inválido, 404), TYPE_UNEXPECTED, timeout de conexión, etc.
     _player.playbackEventStream.listen(
       (_) {},
       onError: (Object error, StackTrace stackTrace) {
@@ -143,8 +141,7 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler with SeekHandler {
     );
   }
 
-  /// Gestiona cualquier error de reproducción de ExoPlayer de forma
+  /// Gestiona cualquier error de reproducción de ExoPlayer.
-  /// controlada: emite estado de error al UI y resetea la reproducción.
   void _gestionarErrorReproduccion(Object error) {
     String mensaje;
     String codigoLog;
@@ -160,17 +157,17 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler with SeekHandler {
     developer.log(
       '[PluriWave] Error reproducción: $codigoLog',
       name: 'ServicioAudio',
-      level: 900, // warning
+      level: 900,
     );
 
-    // Emitir estado de error al UI (incluye mensaje legible)
     playbackState.add(playbackState.value.copyWith(
       processingState: AudioProcessingState.error,
       playing: false,
       errorMessage: mensaje,
     ));
+    emisoraActual = null;
+    mediaItem.add(null);
 
-    // Resetear el player a estado idle limpio (sin lanzar otra excepción)
     _player.stop().catchError((_) {});
   }
 
@@ -178,7 +175,6 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler with SeekHandler {
   String _mensajeAmigable(PlayerException e) {
     final code = e.code;
 
-    // ERROR_CODE_IO_* — problemas de red/fuente
     if (code >= 2000 && code < 3000) {
       if (code == 2001) return 'Sin conexión a internet';
       if (code == 2002) return 'La URL de la radio no es válida';
@@ -187,18 +183,14 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler with SeekHandler {
       return 'No se puede conectar a la radio';
     }
 
-    // ERROR_CODE_PARSING_* — formato de stream no soportado
     if (code >= 3000 && code < 4000) {
       return 'Formato de stream no compatible';
     }
 
-    // ERROR_CODE_DECODING_* — error de decodificación
     if (code >= 4000 && code < 5000) {
       return 'Error al decodificar el stream de audio';
     }
 
-    // TYPE_SOURCE — error en la fuente (HTTP cleartext, cert, etc.)
-    // En just_audio suele mapearse como code=-1 o message con "Cleartext"
     final msg = e.message ?? '';
     if (msg.contains('Cleartext') || msg.contains('cleartext')) {
       return 'Esta radio usa HTTP sin cifrar (no permitido)';
@@ -227,12 +219,9 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler with SeekHandler {
       await _player.stop();
       await _player.setUrl(mediaItem.id);
       await _player.play();
-      // Habilitar ecualizador tras reproducir (necesita audio activo)
+      emisoraActual = _emisoraDesdeMediaItem(mediaItem);
       await _activarEcualizador();
     } on PlayerException catch (e) {
-      // El error ya llega por playbackEventStream.onError, pero también
-      // lo capturamos aquí para asegurarnos de emitir el estado de error
-      // y propagarlo como excepción (para que EstadoRadio muestre el mensaje).
       _gestionarErrorReproduccion(e);
       throw Exception(_mensajeAmigable(e));
     } on Exception catch (e) {
@@ -246,6 +235,8 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler with SeekHandler {
         playing: false,
         errorMessage: 'Error inesperado al reproducir',
       ));
+      emisoraActual = null;
+      this.mediaItem.add(null);
       rethrow;
     }
   }
@@ -318,4 +309,15 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler with SeekHandler {
     await stop();
     await _player.dispose();
   }
+
+  Emisora _emisoraDesdeMediaItem(MediaItem mediaItem) {
+    final uuid = mediaItem.extras?['uuid'] as String? ?? mediaItem.id;
+    return Emisora(
+      uuid: uuid,
+      nombre: mediaItem.title,
+      url: mediaItem.id,
+      pais: (mediaItem.artist?.isNotEmpty ?? false) ? mediaItem.artist : null,
+      favicon: mediaItem.artUri?.toString(),
+    );
+  }
 }

lib/servicios/servicio_ecualizador.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import 'dart:convert';
+
+import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
+
+import '../modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart';
+
+class ConfiguracionEcualizador {
+  const ConfiguracionEcualizador({
+    required this.principal,
+    required this.porEmisora,
+  });
+
+  final PresetEcualizador principal;
+  final Map<String, PresetEcualizador> porEmisora;
+}
+
+class ServicioEcualizador {
+  static const _keyPresetPrincipal = 'eq_preset_principal_v1';
+  static const _keyPresetsPorEmisora = 'eq_presets_por_emisora_v1';
+
+  Future<ConfiguracionEcualizador> cargar() async {
+    final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
+    final principal = _leerPresetPrincipal(prefs);
+    final porEmisora = _leerPresetsPorEmisora(prefs);
+    return ConfiguracionEcualizador(
+      principal: principal,
+      porEmisora: porEmisora,
+    );
+  }
+
+  Future<void> guardarPrincipal(PresetEcualizador preset) async {
+    final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
+    await prefs.setString(_keyPresetPrincipal, jsonEncode(preset.toJson()));
+  }
+
+  Future<void> guardarPorEmisora(String uuid, PresetEcualizador preset) async {
+    final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
+    final mapa = _leerPresetsPorEmisora(prefs);
+    mapa[uuid] = preset;
+    await _guardarPresetsPorEmisora(prefs, mapa);
+  }
+
+  Future<void> eliminarPorEmisora(String uuid) async {
+    final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
+    final mapa = _leerPresetsPorEmisora(prefs);
+    mapa.remove(uuid);
+    await _guardarPresetsPorEmisora(prefs, mapa);
+  }
+
+  Future<void> guardarConfiguracion(ConfiguracionEcualizador config) async {
+    final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
+    await prefs.setString(
+      _keyPresetPrincipal,
+      jsonEncode(config.principal.toJson()),
+    );
+    await _guardarPresetsPorEmisora(prefs, config.porEmisora);
+  }
+
+  PresetEcualizador _leerPresetPrincipal(SharedPreferences prefs) {
+    final raw = prefs.getString(_keyPresetPrincipal);
+    if (raw == null || raw.isEmpty) {
+      return PresetEcualizador.flat;
+    }
+    try {
+      return PresetEcualizador.desdeJson(
+        Map<String, dynamic>.from(jsonDecode(raw) as Map),
+      );
+    } catch (_) {
+      return PresetEcualizador.flat;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Map<String, PresetEcualizador> _leerPresetsPorEmisora(
+    SharedPreferences prefs,
+  ) {
+    final raw = prefs.getString(_keyPresetsPorEmisora);
+    if (raw == null || raw.isEmpty) {
+      return {};
+    }
+    try {
+      final data = Map<String, dynamic>.from(jsonDecode(raw) as Map);
+      return data.map(
+        (uuid, preset) => MapEntry(
+          uuid,
+          PresetEcualizador.desdeJson(
+            Map<String, dynamic>.from(preset as Map),
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+    } catch (_) {
+      return {};
+    }
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _guardarPresetsPorEmisora(
+    SharedPreferences prefs,
+    Map<String, PresetEcualizador> mapa,
+  ) async {
+    final serializado = mapa.map(
+      (uuid, preset) => MapEntry(uuid, preset.toJson()),
+    );
+    await prefs.setString(_keyPresetsPorEmisora, jsonEncode(serializado));
+  }
+}

lib/servicios/servicio_radio.dart

@@ -1,35 +1,58 @@
 import 'dart:convert';
-import 'dart:math';
+
 import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
+
 import '../modelos/emisora.dart';
 
 /// Cliente para la Radio Browser API (https://api.radio-browser.info/).
 ///
-/// Selecciona automáticamente un servidor disponible de entre los DNS
+/// Aplica reintentos acotados con rotación de host para tolerar fallos
-/// resueltos para `all.api.radio-browser.info` y rota en caso de error.
+/// transitorios al iniciar.
-///
-/// ### Rate limiting
-/// La API no tiene límite documentado, pero por cortesía limitamos a
-/// peticiones con `?limit` explícito y no hacemos polling automático.
 class ServicioRadio {
-  static const _dnsHost = 'all.api.radio-browser.info';
+  static const _timeoutPorDefecto = Duration(seconds: 10);
-  static const _timeout = Duration(seconds: 10);
+  static const _maxIntentosPorDefecto = 3;
+  static const _retryDelayPorDefecto = Duration(milliseconds: 250);
 
-  // Servidores conocidos como fallback si el DNS falla
+  // Servidores conocidos como fallback si el DNS falla.
   static const _servidoresFallback = [
     'de1.api.radio-browser.info',
     'nl1.api.radio-browser.info',
     'at1.api.radio-browser.info',
   ];
 
+  ServicioRadio({
+    http.Client? cliente,
+    List<String>? servidores,
+    int maxIntentos = _maxIntentosPorDefecto,
+    Duration retryDelay = _retryDelayPorDefecto,
+    Duration timeout = _timeoutPorDefecto,
+  })  : _cliente = cliente ?? http.Client(),
+        _servidores = (servidores == null || servidores.isEmpty)
+            ? List<String>.from(_servidoresFallback)
+            : List<String>.from(servidores),
+        _maxIntentos = maxIntentos < 1 ? 1 : maxIntentos,
+        _retryDelay = retryDelay,
+        _timeout = timeout;
+
+  final http.Client _cliente;
+  final List<String> _servidores;
+  final int _maxIntentos;
+  final Duration _retryDelay;
+  final Duration _timeout;
+
   String? _servidorActual;
 
-  Future<String> _servidor() async {
+  int _indiceServidorInicial() {
-    if (_servidorActual != null) return _servidorActual!;
+    if (_servidorActual == null) {
-    // Intentar DNS lookup simplificado — usamos fallback directamente
+      return 0;
-    final servidores = List<String>.from(_servidoresFallback)..shuffle(Random());
+    }
-    _servidorActual = servidores.first;
+    final index = _servidores.indexOf(_servidorActual!);
-    return _servidorActual!;
+    return index >= 0 ? index : 0;
+  }
+
+  String _servidorPorIntento(int indiceBase, int intento) {
+    final index = (indiceBase + intento) % _servidores.length;
+    return _servidores[index];
   }
 
   Uri _uri(String servidor, String path, Map<String, String> params) {
@@ -40,32 +63,46 @@ class ServicioRadio {
   }
 
   Future<List<Emisora>> _get(String path, Map<String, String> params) async {
-    final servidor = await _servidor();
+    Exception? ultimoError;
-    // lastcheckok=1 filtra emisoras que la API verificó como funcionales
+    final indiceBase = _indiceServidorInicial();
+    final totalIntentos = _maxIntentos;
+
+    for (int intento = 0; intento < totalIntentos; intento++) {
+      final servidor = _servidorPorIntento(indiceBase, intento);
       final uri = _uri(servidor, path, {
         'lastcheckok': '1',
         ...params,
       });
+
       try {
-      final resp = await http.get(uri, headers: {
+        final resp = await _cliente.get(uri, headers: {
           'User-Agent': 'PluriWave/0.1.0 (es.freetimelab.pluriwave)',
         }).timeout(_timeout);
 
         if (resp.statusCode != 200) {
           throw Exception('API error ${resp.statusCode}');
         }
+
         final lista = json.decode(resp.body) as List<dynamic>;
+        _servidorActual = servidor;
         return lista
             .cast<Map<String, dynamic>>()
             .map(Emisora.fromApi)
             .where((e) => e.uuid.isNotEmpty && e.url.isNotEmpty)
             .toList();
-    } catch (e) {
+      } on Exception catch (e) {
-      // Rotar servidor en el siguiente intento
+        ultimoError = e;
         _servidorActual = null;
-      rethrow;
+
+        final ultimoIntento = intento == (totalIntentos - 1);
+        if (!ultimoIntento && _retryDelay > Duration.zero) {
+          await Future<void>.delayed(_retryDelay);
         }
       }
+    }
+
+    throw ultimoError ?? Exception('Error desconocido al consultar la API');
+  }
 
   /// Emisoras más votadas globalmente.
   Future<List<Emisora>> obtenerPopulares({int limit = 30}) async {
@@ -133,16 +170,17 @@ class ServicioRadio {
     });
   }
 
-  /// Registrar un click en la API (buenas prácticas de ciudadanía API).
+  /// Registrar un click en la API (best effort).
   Future<void> registrarClick(String uuid) async {
     try {
-      final servidor = await _servidor();
+      final servidor =
-      await http.get(
+          _servidorActual ?? _servidorPorIntento(_indiceServidorInicial(), 0);
+      await _cliente.get(
         Uri.https(servidor, '/json/url/$uuid'),
         headers: {'User-Agent': 'PluriWave/0.1.0 (es.freetimelab.pluriwave)'},
       ).timeout(_timeout);
     } catch (_) {
-      // No crítico — ignorar silenciosamente
+      // No crítico, ignorar.
     }
   }
 }

openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/apply-progress.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Apply Progress - startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence
+
+## Status
+
+- Phase: `apply-partial`
+- Date: 2026-04-27
+- Strict TDD mode: active
+- Runtime verification: blocked (`flutter` CLI is not available in PATH)
+
+## Fixes implemented for verify findings
+
+1. **CRITICAL: `mediaItem.add(null)` shadowing bug**
+   - Fixed in `lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart` inside `playMediaItem(...)`.
+   - Replaced ambiguous `mediaItem.add(null)` with `this.mediaItem.add(null)` in the exception path.
+
+2. **WARNING: async EQ graph updates fired in loop**
+   - Fixed in `lib/pantallas/pantalla_ajustes.dart`.
+   - `EcualizadorWidget.onCambio` now calls one atomic state update (`estado.cambiarPresetEcualizador(p)`) instead of launching async updates per band in a loop.
+
+3. **CRITICAL: missing scenario tests**
+   - Expanded `test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart`:
+     - EQ state persists when native EQ is unavailable.
+     - Startup failure leaves visible error and manual reload recovers.
+     - Favorite without own EQ falls back to main EQ from first playback.
+   - Expanded `test/pantallas/pantalla_inicio_test.dart`:
+     - Custom station tap starts playback through `EstadoRadio.reproducir`.
+     - Manual retry button after startup failure triggers a new station load cycle.
+     - Favorites screen shows a custom station after favoriting + reload.
+   - Expanded `test/helpers/fakes.dart` with call counters and per-call failure/data sequencing for deterministic startup/retry tests.
+
+## TDD Cycle Evidence
+
+| Cycle | RED-first test intent | GREEN code change | Verification command | RED evidence | GREEN evidence | Result |
+|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 1 | Add missing tests for EQ unavailable, manual retry, custom playback tap, and favorites reload flows | Fix `servicio_audio.dart`, `pantalla_ajustes.dart`, and test fakes | `Get-Command flutter -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue` | `flutter` not found in PATH | Blocked (cannot execute tests) | BLOCKED |
+| 2 | Keep new/updated tests in place and execute strict runner only | No further production changes after test additions | `flutter test` | Command attempted | `flutter` command not recognized | BLOCKED |
+
+## Validation commands run
+
+| Command | Result |
+|---|---|
+| `Get-Command flutter -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue` | `FLUTTER_NOT_FOUND` |
+| `flutter test` | `CommandNotFoundException` (Flutter missing from PATH) |
+| `flutter build` | Not run (prohibited) |
+
+## Remaining before verify can pass
+
+1. Install/expose Flutter in PATH for this environment.
+2. Run `flutter test` and capture passing evidence for every scenario in `spec.md` (tasks 5.3 and 5.4).

openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/design.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# Design: Startup retry, custom stations, and equalizer persistence
+
+## Technical Approach
+
+Keep the existing Provider/ChangeNotifier architecture. Add test seams first, then implement: radio retry in `ServicioRadio`, main-list composition in `EstadoRadio`, and EQ persistence in a dedicated `ServicioEcualizador` using SharedPreferences. Persisted Provider EQ state must not depend on Android equalizer availability.
+
+## Architecture Decisions
+
+| Decision | Choice | Alternatives | Rationale |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| API retry owner | `ServicioRadio._get()` owns bounded retry and host rotation | Retry only in `EstadoRadio` | Centralizes network resilience for startup and search; avoids duplicated policy. |
+| Custom stations home UX | Add `EstadoRadio.emisorasInicio`/similar combining custom + popular when no genre filter | Separate home section | Minimal UI change and reuses `TarjetaEmisora` favorite behavior; separate section can come later. |
+| EQ storage | New `ServicioEcualizador` with SharedPreferences JSON | SQLite migration in favorites DB | Main EQ is app-level, not favorite-row data; SharedPreferences is already available and simpler. |
+| Station EQ fallback | `Map<uuid, PresetEcualizador>`; absent key means "use main" | Store explicit mode enum per station | Absence is compact and maps naturally to disabling own EQ. |
+| Current station source | Fix `ServicioAudio`/handler to assign/clear `emisoraActual` | Track only in `EstadoRadio` | Existing mini player and player screen already read `audio.emisoraActual`; fix the actual source. |
+
+## Data Flow
+
+Startup:
+
+    PluriWaveApp -> EstadoRadio._init()
+       -> ServicioEcualizador.cargar() -> preset principal + mapa por emisora
+       -> ServicioRadio.obtenerPopulares/Tendencias() -> retry/rotate host
+       -> ServicioFavoritos + emisoras_custom.json
+
+Playback:
+
+    UI -> EstadoRadio.reproducir(emisora)
+       -> ServicioAudio.reproducir(emisora) sets current station
+       -> EstadoRadio selects EQ: presetsPorEmisora[uuid] ?? presetPrincipal
+       -> ServicioAudio.aplicarPreset(selected)
+
+EQ update:
+
+    Settings/player EQ controls -> EstadoRadio
+       -> update main EQ OR station EQ
+       -> ServicioEcualizador.guardar(...)
+       -> ServicioAudio applies if available
+
+## File Changes
+
+| File | Action | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `lib/servicios/servicio_ecualizador.dart` | Create | Load/save main EQ and station EQ map from SharedPreferences. |
+| `lib/servicios/servicio_radio.dart` | Modify | Add injectable client/config, retry count, backoff, and host rotation. |
+| `lib/estado/estado_radio.dart` | Modify | Inject services, load EQ during init, expose combined main listing, apply fallback EQ policy. |
+| `lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart` | Modify | Assign/clear `emisoraActual`; keep default behavior backward-compatible. |
+| `lib/pantallas/pantalla_inicio.dart` | Modify | Use combined main listing when no genre filter. |
+| `lib/pantallas/pantalla_ajustes.dart` | Modify | Distinguish main EQ from favorite-station own EQ controls. |
+| `lib/modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart` | Modify | Add equality/copy helpers if tests need deterministic comparisons. |
+| `test/servicios/servicio_radio_test.dart` | Create | Retry/host rotation tests. |
+| `test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart` | Create | EQ persistence, custom listing, and station EQ policy tests. |
+| `test/pantallas/pantalla_inicio_test.dart` | Create | Widget coverage for custom station rendering/favorite action. |
+
+## Interfaces / Contracts
+
+Suggested public surface:
+
+```dart
+class ServicioEcualizador {
+  Future<ConfiguracionEcualizador> cargar();
+  Future<void> guardarPrincipal(PresetEcualizador preset);
+  Future<void> guardarPorEmisora(String uuid, PresetEcualizador preset);
+  Future<void> eliminarPorEmisora(String uuid);
+}
+```
+
+`ConfiguracionEcualizador` contains `PresetEcualizador principal` and `Map<String, PresetEcualizador> porEmisora`.
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+| Layer | What to Test | Approach |
+|---|---|---|
+| Unit | `ServicioRadio` retries and rotates hosts | Fake `http.Client`, zero delay. |
+| Unit | EQ load/save and fallback selection | SharedPreferences mock values + fake audio service. |
+| Unit | Custom station added appears in combined listing | Inject fake custom storage or initial state. |
+| Widget | Home renders custom station and favorite tap persists | Pump `PantallaInicio` with test `EstadoRadio`. |
+| Regression | Current station updates for mini player/station EQ | Fake audio handler/service assertions. |
+
+## Migration / Rollout
+
+No destructive migration. On first run without EQ keys, use `PresetEcualizador.flat` as main EQ and empty per-station map. Existing export/import keys can be read opportunistically but app-local persistence should use the new service.
+
+## Open Questions
+
+- None blocking. The first implementation can place station EQ controls in Settings for the currently playing favorite; a richer per-favorite management screen can be deferred.

openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/explore.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Exploration: Startup retry, custom stations, and equalizer persistence
+
+## Current State
+
+- `lib/main.dart` only initializes `AudioService` and launches `PluriWaveApp`; app data initialization starts later when `EstadoRadio` is created by `ChangeNotifierProvider` in `lib/app.dart`.
+- `EstadoRadio` constructor calls `_init()` without awaiting it. `_init()` runs `Future.wait([cargarPopulares(), cargarFavoritos(), _cargarEmisoresCustom()])`.
+- `cargarPopulares()` fetches `radio.obtenerPopulares()` and `radio.obtenerTendencias()` once. On any failure it sets `_errorCarga = 'Sin conexion a la API de radio'`; the UI exposes a manual "Reintentar" button but there is no automatic startup retry.
+- `ServicioRadio._get()` picks one fallback Radio Browser host, applies a 10s timeout, and clears `_servidorActual` on error so a later call can rotate. It does not retry within the same request.
+- Custom stations are stored as JSON from inside `EstadoRadio` (`emisoras_custom.json`) and are only rendered in `_SeccionEmisoras` in `pantalla_ajustes.dart`. `PantallaInicio` lists API stations only, so custom stations never enter the main grid. `TarjetaEmisora` already supports favorites for any `Emisora`.
+- Equalizer state is in memory only: `_presetActual` plus `_presetsEmisoraMap` in `EstadoRadio`. Export/import includes station preset maps, but startup never loads EQ state from app storage.
+- Per-station EQ is currently unreliable because `EstadoRadio.cambiarPresetEcualizador()` stores by `emisoraActual`, while `PluriWaveAudioHandler.emisoraActual` is declared but never assigned when playback starts.
+- Existing tests are only `test/widget_test.dart`, a placeholder asserting `true`. Strict TDD is active, so the implementation needs test seams before behavior changes.
+
+## Affected Areas
+
+- `lib/servicios/servicio_radio.dart` - startup/API fetch resilience and host retry behavior.
+- `lib/estado/estado_radio.dart` - startup orchestration, custom station listing, EQ load/save, station EQ selection.
+- `lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart` - current station tracking needed for mini player and per-station EQ.
+- `lib/pantallas/pantalla_inicio.dart` - main listing must include custom stations.
+- `lib/pantallas/pantalla_ajustes.dart` / `lib/widgets/ecualizador_widget.dart` - EQ scope controls and persisted graph display.
+- `lib/modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart` - equality/copy helpers may be needed for persistence tests.
+- `test/` - new unit/widget tests for startup retry, custom station listing/favorites, and EQ persistence.
+
+## Approaches
+
+1. **Retry in `EstadoRadio.cargarPopulares()`**
+   - Pros: small change; directly targets startup; easy to preserve `ServicioRadio`.
+   - Cons: search calls still lack retry; duplicated retry policy if other API calls need it.
+   - Effort: Low.
+
+2. **Retry inside `ServicioRadio._get()` with host rotation**
+   - Pros: centralizes network resilience; startup and search benefit; keeps `EstadoRadio` simpler.
+   - Cons: needs injectable HTTP client/delay for tests; must avoid long blocking startup.
+   - Effort: Medium.
+
+3. **Merge custom stations into main grid via `EstadoRadio` getter**
+   - Pros: minimal UI disruption; `TarjetaEmisora` already handles favorite toggles.
+   - Cons: custom and API stations share one grid; no separate "My stations" visual grouping.
+   - Effort: Low.
+
+4. **Separate "Mis emisoras" section on `PantallaInicio`**
+   - Pros: clearer UX; no confusion with API popularity ranking.
+   - Cons: more UI work and widget tests; still must define empty/genre-filter behavior.
+   - Effort: Medium.
+
+5. **Persist EQ in SharedPreferences through a dedicated service**
+   - Pros: dependency already exists; JSON values fit `PresetEcualizador`; avoids SQLite migration.
+   - Cons: less relational than SQLite; needs careful key/version handling.
+   - Effort: Medium.
+
+6. **Persist EQ in SQLite favorites table**
+   - Pros: station-specific EQ close to favorite rows.
+   - Cons: requires DB migration and does not naturally store global/main EQ.
+   - Effort: High.
+
+## Recommendation
+
+Use service-level radio retry with host rotation, expose a combined main-station getter for custom stations, and introduce a small `ServicioEcualizador` backed by SharedPreferences. Represent station EQ as "entry exists = own EQ; no entry = use main EQ". Also fix current-station tracking in the audio layer before wiring station EQ; otherwise the UI and per-station persistence sit on arena sand, not concrete.
+
+## Risks
+
+- Retrying both popular and trending in parallel can lengthen startup; cap attempts and use short backoff.
+- SharedPreferences persistence must be loaded before the first playback applies EQ.
+- Android equalizer availability is runtime-dependent; persisted EQ must still load even when native EQ is not available yet.
+- Adding test seams can touch constructors; keep backward-compatible defaults.
+
+## Ready for Proposal
+
+Yes. The code paths are clear enough to plan without production changes.

openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/proposal.md

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Proposal: Startup retry, custom stations, and equalizer persistence
+
+## Intent
+
+Make startup resilient to transient Radio Browser/API failures, make user-added stations first-class in the main listing/favorites flow, and persist equalizer choices so the app restores the configured graph and respects station-specific EQ.
+
+## Scope
+
+### In Scope
+- Add bounded retry with host rotation for initial radio API fetches.
+- Show custom stations from Settings in the main station listing.
+- Keep custom stations favorite-capable through existing favorite persistence.
+- Persist main EQ and per-favorite station EQ.
+- Apply station EQ when present; otherwise apply main EQ.
+- Add strict-TDD tests before implementation.
+
+### Out of Scope
+- `flutter build` or release packaging.
+- Replacing Provider/ChangeNotifier.
+- Full redesign of radio browsing/search UX.
+- Cloud sync of EQ or station data.
+
+## Capabilities
+
+### New Capabilities
+- `startup-radio-loading`: resilient startup station loading with bounded retry.
+- `custom-stations-listing`: custom stations appear in the main listing and can be favorites.
+- `equalizer-persistence`: main EQ persists and loads on startup.
+- `station-equalizer`: favorite stations may own EQ or use main EQ.
+
+### Modified Capabilities
+- None; no existing OpenSpec source specs exist yet.
+
+## Approach
+
+Centralize API retry in `ServicioRadio`, add test-friendly dependency injection, expose a combined main listing in `EstadoRadio`, and introduce `ServicioEcualizador` using SharedPreferences JSON. Use null/no entry for station EQ fallback to main EQ.
+
+## Affected Areas
+
+| Area | Impact | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `lib/servicios/servicio_radio.dart` | Modified | Retry/host rotation and injectable HTTP client/delay. |
+| `lib/estado/estado_radio.dart` | Modified | Init flow, main listing getter, EQ load/save/apply policy. |
+| `lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart` | Modified | Track current station correctly for UI and EQ. |
+| `lib/servicios/servicio_ecualizador.dart` | New | Persist main and station EQ settings. |
+| `lib/pantallas/pantalla_inicio.dart` | Modified | Render custom stations in the main list. |
+| `lib/pantallas/pantalla_ajustes.dart` | Modified | EQ scope controls/load state. |
+| `test/` | Modified | Unit/widget tests for all spec scenarios. |
+
+## Risks
+
+| Risk | Likelihood | Mitigation |
+|---|---:|---|
+| Startup delay from retries | Med | Cap attempts, short backoff, preserve manual retry. |
+| Native EQ unavailable before playback | Med | Persist Provider state independently from Android EQ. |
+| Constructor changes break widgets | Low | Keep default constructors backward compatible. |
+
+## Rollback Plan
+
+Revert the change folder and implementation commits. Since persistence uses new SharedPreferences keys, rollback can ignore them safely.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+- Existing `shared_preferences`, `http`, `provider`, `flutter_test`.
+
+## Success Criteria
+
+- [ ] Transient startup API failure retries and succeeds without showing final error.
+- [ ] Exhausted startup attempts leave the app usable with manual retry.
+- [ ] Custom stations appear in `PantallaInicio` and can be favorited.
+- [ ] Main EQ restores after app restart.
+- [ ] Favorite station own EQ overrides main EQ only when enabled.

openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/spec.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Spec: Startup retry, custom stations, and equalizer persistence
+
+## Requirement: Startup radio loading resilience
+
+The system MUST retry initial Radio Browser station loading with bounded attempts and host rotation before exposing a startup connection error.
+
+### Scenario: transient startup failure recovers
+- GIVEN the first radio API request fails due to a transient connection error
+- WHEN the app initializes `EstadoRadio`
+- THEN the system MUST retry using an eligible host
+- AND popular/tending stations SHALL be populated when a later attempt succeeds
+- AND no final startup error SHALL remain visible
+
+### Scenario: startup failures are exhausted
+- GIVEN all configured retry attempts fail
+- WHEN initial station loading completes
+- THEN the system MUST stop retrying automatically
+- AND it MUST expose a user-visible connection error
+- AND the manual retry action MUST still call station loading again
+
+## Requirement: Custom stations in the main listing
+
+The system MUST include stations added in Settings in the main station listing and MUST allow them to be marked/unmarked as favorites through the same favorite flow as API stations.
+
+### Scenario: added custom station appears on home
+- GIVEN a user saves a valid custom station in Settings
+- WHEN the main listing is rendered without a genre filter
+- THEN the custom station MUST be visible in the listing
+- AND selecting it MUST start playback through the normal `EstadoRadio.reproducir` path
+
+### Scenario: custom station can be favorited
+- GIVEN a custom station is visible in the main listing
+- WHEN the user taps its favorite action
+- THEN the station MUST be persisted in favorites
+- AND the Favorites screen SHALL show it after favorite state reloads
+
+## Requirement: Main equalizer persistence
+
+The system MUST persist the main equalizer preset/graph and MUST load it during state initialization before the first playback-specific EQ decision.
+
+### Scenario: main EQ restores after restart
+- GIVEN the user configures the main EQ to a non-flat graph
+- WHEN the app state is recreated
+- THEN `EstadoRadio.presetEcualizador` MUST expose the saved graph
+- AND the native audio equalizer SHALL receive it when the EQ becomes available
+
+### Scenario: EQ state persists even when native EQ is unavailable
+- GIVEN the platform has no available native equalizer at startup
+- WHEN persisted EQ settings are loaded
+- THEN Provider state MUST still expose the saved EQ graph
+- AND no persistence data SHALL be discarded
+
+## Requirement: Favorite station equalizer mode
+
+The system MUST let each favorite station either use the main equalizer or use its own saved equalizer. If own EQ exists for a station, playback MUST respect it.
+
+### Scenario: favorite station own EQ is applied
+- GIVEN a favorite station has its own saved EQ graph
+- WHEN the user plays that station
+- THEN the system MUST apply the station EQ graph
+- AND it MUST expose that graph as the current EQ in state
+
+### Scenario: favorite station falls back to main EQ
+- GIVEN a favorite station has no own EQ enabled
+- AND the main EQ is configured
+- WHEN the user plays that station
+- THEN the system MUST apply the main EQ graph
+
+### Scenario: disabling own EQ restores main behavior
+- GIVEN a favorite station has own EQ enabled
+- WHEN the user switches that station to use main EQ
+- THEN the station-specific EQ entry MUST be removed or ignored
+- AND future playback of that station MUST use the current main EQ
+
+## Requirement: Test-first implementation
+
+The implementation MUST add failing tests for each scenario before production behavior is changed.
+
+### Scenario: strict TDD guardrail
+- GIVEN this change is implemented
+- WHEN an implementation task begins
+- THEN the corresponding test MUST be written first
+- AND verification MUST use `flutter test`, never `flutter build`

openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/state.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+schema: spec-driven
+change: startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence
+project: pluriwave
+artifact_store: hybrid
+execution_mode: auto
+strict_tdd: true
+test_command: flutter test
+build_command: null
+current_phase: apply-partial
+next_recommended: sdd-verify
+phases:
+  explore:
+    status: completed
+    file: openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/explore.md
+    engram_topic_key: sdd/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/explore
+  proposal:
+    status: completed
+    file: openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/proposal.md
+    engram_topic_key: sdd/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/proposal
+  spec:
+    status: completed
+    file: openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/spec.md
+    engram_topic_key: sdd/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/spec
+  design:
+    status: completed
+    file: openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/design.md
+    engram_topic_key: sdd/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/design
+  tasks:
+    status: completed
+    file: openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/tasks.md
+    engram_topic_key: sdd/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/tasks
+  apply:
+    status: partial
+    file: openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/apply-progress.md
+    engram_topic_key: sdd/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/apply-progress
+  verify:
+    status: pending
+  archive:
+    status: pending
+constraints:
+  - Do not implement production code during planning.
+  - Do not run flutter build.
+  - Apply strict TDD: write failing tests before production changes.
+  - Preserve Spanish folder/naming style and Provider/ChangeNotifier patterns.
+risks:
+  - Retry policy must not block startup for too long.
+  - Native equalizer availability is platform/runtime dependent.
+  - Current station tracking must be fixed for station-specific EQ to be reliable.

openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/tasks.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Tasks: Startup retry, custom stations, and equalizer persistence
+
+## Phase 1: Test seams and RED tests
+
+- [x] 1.1 RED: Add `test/servicios/servicio_radio_test.dart` proving a transient HTTP failure retries with another host and succeeds.
+- [x] 1.2 RED: Add `test/servicios/servicio_radio_test.dart` proving exhausted retries surface an error after the configured attempt cap.
+- [x] 1.3 RED: Add `test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart` proving a saved custom station is included in the main listing getter.
+- [x] 1.4 RED: Add `test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart` proving main EQ loads from persistence before playback EQ selection.
+- [x] 1.5 RED: Add station EQ tests proving own EQ overrides main and disabled own EQ falls back to main.
+- [x] 1.6 RED: Add/update a widget test proving `PantallaInicio` renders custom stations and favorite tap calls the favorite flow.
+
+## Phase 2: Foundation / services
+
+- [x] 2.1 GREEN: Modify `ServicioRadio` to accept injectable `http.Client`, host list, max attempts, and retry delay while preserving default constructor behavior.
+- [x] 2.2 GREEN: Implement bounded retry/host rotation in `ServicioRadio._get()` without adding unbounded startup waits.
+- [x] 2.3 GREEN: Create `lib/servicios/servicio_ecualizador.dart` with SharedPreferences JSON load/save for main EQ and per-station EQ map.
+- [x] 2.4 GREEN: Add equality/copy helpers to `PresetEcualizador` only if required by tests.
+
+## Phase 3: State integration
+
+- [x] 3.1 GREEN: Update `EstadoRadio` constructor for optional service injection and load EQ config during `_init()`.
+- [x] 3.2 GREEN: Add a combined main listing getter (`emisorasInicio` or equivalent) that includes custom stations plus API stations without duplicates.
+- [x] 3.3 GREEN: Persist main EQ changes when no station-own EQ scope is active.
+- [x] 3.4 GREEN: Add methods to enable/update/disable EQ per favorite station and persist the map.
+- [x] 3.5 GREEN: Change playback EQ selection to apply station EQ when present, otherwise main EQ.
+
+## Phase 4: UI wiring
+
+- [x] 4.1 GREEN: Update `PantallaInicio` to render the combined main listing when no genre filter is selected.
+- [x] 4.2 GREEN: Reuse `TarjetaEmisora` favorite controls for custom stations; do not introduce a parallel favorite path.
+- [x] 4.3 GREEN: Update `PantallaAjustes` EQ controls to show/edit main EQ and, when the current station is a favorite, allow own-EQ vs main-EQ mode.
+- [x] 4.4 GREEN: Fix `ServicioAudio`/handler so `emisoraActual` is set on successful playback and cleared on stop/error as tests require.
+
+## Phase 5: REFACTOR and verification
+
+- [x] 5.1 REFACTOR: Remove duplicated JSON/persistence logic from `EstadoRadio` where the new service owns it.
+- [x] 5.2 REFACTOR: Keep Spanish naming and Provider/ChangeNotifier style consistent with existing folders.
+- [ ] 5.3 VERIFY: Run `flutter test` only; never run `flutter build`.
+- [ ] 5.4 VERIFY: Compare passing tests against every Given/When/Then scenario in `spec.md`.

openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/verify-report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# Verification Report: startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence
+
+**Status**: blocked  
+**Mode**: Strict TDD  
+**Date**: 2026-04-27  
+**Verifier**: sdd-verify worker 2  
+**Round**: re-verify after targeted apply-fix
+
+Runtime verification remains blocked because `flutter` is not available in PATH in this shell. Static review confirms the targeted fixes from the prior verification round are present. This change is still **not archiveable** because Strict TDD requires passing `flutter test` evidence before scenarios can be marked compliant and before tasks 5.3/5.4 can be completed.
+
+---
+
+## Completeness
+
+| Metric | Value |
+|---|---:|
+| Tasks total | 23 |
+| Tasks complete | 21 |
+| Tasks incomplete | 2 |
+
+Incomplete by design until runtime evidence exists:
+
+- `[ ] 5.3 VERIFY: Run flutter test only; never run flutter build.`
+- `[ ] 5.4 VERIFY: Compare passing tests against every Given/When/Then scenario in spec.md.`
+
+Tasks 5.3 and 5.4 **must remain incomplete**. `flutter test` was attempted and could not run because Flutter is missing from PATH.
+
+---
+
+## Validation Commands Attempted
+
+| Command | Exit | Result |
+|---|---:|---|
+| `git status --short` | 0 | Confirmed active uncommitted work exists; verification did not revert or edit production code. |
+| `Get-Command flutter -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue` | 127 | `FLUTTER_NOT_FOUND: Get-Command flutter returned no executable on PATH.` |
+| `flutter test` | 1 | `CommandNotFoundException`: `flutter` is not recognized as a cmdlet/program in this PowerShell session. |
+| `flutter build` | N/A | Not run; prohibited by project and mission constraints. |
+
+Coverage, linter, and type-check commands were not run because the configured tools are Flutter-backed (`flutter test --coverage`, `flutter analyze`) and Flutter is unavailable.
+
+---
+
+## TDD Compliance
+
+| Check | Result | Details |
+|---|---|---|
+| TDD Evidence reported | PASSED STATIC | `apply-progress.md` now contains `## TDD Cycle Evidence`. |
+| Test files exist | PASSED STATIC | Verified `test/servicios/servicio_radio_test.dart`, `test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart`, and `test/pantallas/pantalla_inicio_test.dart`. |
+| RED confirmed | PARTIAL / BLOCKED | Test intent is documented and test files exist, but RED-first ordering cannot be independently proven without historical run output. |
+| GREEN confirmed | BLOCKED | `flutter test` cannot execute in this environment. |
+| Triangulation adequate | PARTIAL / BLOCKED | Targeted missing scenarios now have tests; runtime proof is blocked. |
+| Safety net for modified files | BLOCKED | Apply-progress records the same Flutter availability blocker. |
+
+**TDD compliance verdict**: blocked. The prior missing-evidence-table finding is fixed, but Strict TDD cannot pass until `flutter test` runs successfully.
+
+---
+
+## Test Layer Distribution
+
+| Layer | Tests | Files | Tool |
+|---|---:|---:|---|
+| Unit/service | 2 | 1 | `flutter_test` + `http/testing` |
+| Unit/state | 6 | 1 | `flutter_test` |
+| Widget/component | 3 | 1 | `flutter_test` |
+| E2E | 0 | 0 | Not configured |
+| **Total** | **11** | **3** | |
+
+Related helper file:
+
+- `test/helpers/fakes.dart`
+
+---
+
+## Scenario Coverage Matrix
+
+Runtime result is `BLOCKED` for every scenario because no test execution was possible. Under Strict TDD, no scenario can be marked compliant until a covering test has passed.
+
+| Requirement | Scenario | Static implementation evidence | Test evidence found | Result |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| Startup radio loading resilience | transient startup failure recovers | `ServicioRadio._get()` retries with host rotation; `EstadoRadio._init()` calls station loading after EQ load. | `test/servicios/servicio_radio_test.dart` covers retry/host rotation success. No direct `EstadoRadio` startup integration test for final visible error clearing, but design assigns retry ownership to `ServicioRadio`. | PARTIAL STATIC / BLOCKED |
+| Startup radio loading resilience | startup failures are exhausted | `ServicioRadio._get()` caps attempts; `EstadoRadio.cargarPopulares()` exposes `Sin conexión a la API de radio`; `PantallaInicio` has `Reintentar`. | Service cap/error test exists. State and widget tests now cover startup failure plus manual retry recovery. | COVERED STATICALLY / BLOCKED |
+| Custom stations in main listing | added custom station appears on home | `EstadoRadio.emisorasInicio` combines custom + popular; `PantallaInicio` uses it without genre filter; tap calls `EstadoRadio.reproducir`. | State getter test exists. Widget test now renders `Custom Uno` and taps it, asserting fake audio playback and click registration. | COVERED STATICALLY / BLOCKED |
+| Custom stations in main listing | custom station can be favorited | `TarjetaEmisora` uses the same `EstadoRadio.toggleFavorito` flow for all station cards; `toggleFavorito` reloads favorites. | Widget test taps favorite on the custom station. Widget test now opens `PantallaFavoritos` and verifies the custom station appears after reload. | COVERED STATICALLY / BLOCKED |
+| Main equalizer persistence | main EQ restores after restart | `ServicioEcualizador.cargar()` loads persisted main EQ; `EstadoRadio._cargarEcualizadorPersistido()` sets provider state before station loading; playback applies selected EQ. | State test covers persisted main EQ before playback EQ selection. | COVERED STATICALLY / BLOCKED |
+| Main equalizer persistence | EQ state persists even when native EQ is unavailable | `EstadoRadio` loads persisted EQ independent of `audio.ecualizadorDisponible`; production `ServicioAudio.aplicarPreset()` stores `_presetActual` before returning when native EQ is unavailable. | State test now uses `FakeServicioAudio(ecualizadorActivo: false)` and verifies main + per-station persisted EQ remain exposed. | COVERED STATICALLY / BLOCKED |
+| Favorite station equalizer mode | favorite station own EQ is applied | `_presetParaEmisora()` prefers `_presetsEmisoraMap[uuid]`; `reproducir()` applies selected preset and updates state. | State test covers own EQ overriding main. | COVERED STATICALLY / BLOCKED |
+| Favorite station equalizer mode | favorite station falls back to main EQ | Map absence falls back to `_presetPrincipal`. | State test now covers a favorite without own EQ using main EQ from first play. | COVERED STATICALLY / BLOCKED |
+| Favorite station equalizer mode | disabling own EQ restores main behavior | `deshabilitarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora()` removes persisted entry and applies main when current station matches. | State test covers disabling own EQ and replaying with main fallback. | COVERED STATICALLY / BLOCKED |
+| Test-first implementation | strict TDD guardrail | `openspec/config.yaml` and `state.yaml` have Strict TDD active; `apply-progress.md` now records TDD cycle evidence and blocked Flutter commands. | TDD table exists, but `flutter test` cannot run, so GREEN evidence is unavailable. | PARTIAL STATIC / BLOCKED |
+
+**Runtime compliance summary**: 0/10 scenarios compliant because no covering test has passed in this environment.  
+**Static coverage summary**: 8/10 scenarios covered statically, 2/10 partial statically.
+
+---
+
+## Prior Findings Re-check
+
+| Prior finding | Status | Evidence |
+|---|---|---|
+| `mediaItem.add(null)` shadowing in `playMediaItem(MediaItem mediaItem)` | FIXED | `lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart:239` now uses `this.mediaItem.add(null)`. Other `mediaItem.add(null)` calls are outside the shadowing scope. |
+| `apply-progress.md` missing Strict TDD Cycle Evidence | FIXED | `openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/apply-progress.md` now contains `## TDD Cycle Evidence`. |
+| Missing native-EQ-unavailable test | FIXED STATICALLY | `test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart` includes `mantiene EQ persistido aunque el ecualizador nativo no esté disponible`. |
+| Missing manual retry test | FIXED STATICALLY | `test/pantallas/pantalla_inicio_test.dart` includes `PantallaInicio permite reintentar manualmente tras fallo inicial agotado`; state test also checks manual `cargarPopulares()` recovery. |
+| Missing custom station playback tap test | FIXED STATICALLY | `test/pantallas/pantalla_inicio_test.dart` taps `Custom Uno` and asserts playback via fake audio. |
+| Missing favorites screen reload test | FIXED STATICALLY | `test/pantallas/pantalla_inicio_test.dart` opens `PantallaFavoritos` after favoriting and expects `Custom Uno`. |
+| Missing favorite main-EQ fallback test | FIXED STATICALLY | `test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart` includes `favorita sin EQ propio usa EQ principal desde el primer play`. |
+| `PantallaAjustes` async per-band loop | FIXED | `lib/pantallas/pantalla_ajustes.dart:94-98` calls `estado.cambiarPresetEcualizador(p)` once from `EcualizadorWidget.onCambio`; no per-band async loop remains in the widget. |
+
+---
+
+## Correctness: Static Structural Evidence
+
+| Requirement | Status | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| Startup radio loading resilience | PARTIAL STATIC | Retry/host rotation and exhausted retry behavior exist. Manual retry coverage was added. Automatic transient startup recovery is proven primarily at the service layer, not with a direct `EstadoRadio` startup integration test. |
+| Custom stations in the main listing | IMPLEMENTED STATICALLY | Combined listing, normal playback path, same favorite flow, and favorites screen reload are represented in code/tests. |
+| Main equalizer persistence | IMPLEMENTED STATICALLY | EQ persistence service, provider load, native-unavailable state retention, and playback application are represented in code/tests. |
+| Favorite station equalizer mode | IMPLEMENTED STATICALLY | Own EQ, main fallback, and disabling own EQ are represented in state code/tests. |
+| Test-first implementation | BLOCKED | Strict TDD metadata and TDD evidence table exist; runtime GREEN evidence is blocked by missing Flutter. |
+
+---
+
+## Coherence: Design Decisions
+
+| Decision | Followed? | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| API retry owner in `ServicioRadio._get()` | Yes | Bounded retry/host rotation remains centralized in `ServicioRadio._get()`. |
+| Custom stations home UX via combined listing | Yes | `EstadoRadio.emisorasInicio` combines custom + popular; `PantallaInicio` uses it when no genre filter is selected. |
+| EQ storage in `ServicioEcualizador` with SharedPreferences JSON | Yes | `ServicioEcualizador` stores main and per-station EQ JSON. |
+| Station EQ fallback by `Map<uuid, PresetEcualizador>` absence | Yes | `_presetParaEmisora()` returns station preset or main preset. |
+| Current station source in `ServicioAudio`/handler | Yes static | `ServicioAudio` sets/clears `emisoraActual`; the previously shadowed `playMediaItem` exception path now uses `this.mediaItem.add(null)`. |
+
+---
+
+## Assertion Quality Audit
+
+Reviewed related tests:
+
+- `test/servicios/servicio_radio_test.dart`
+- `test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart`
+- `test/pantallas/pantalla_inicio_test.dart`
+
+**Assertion quality**: PASSED STATIC REVIEW. No tautological assertions, ghost loops, or smoke-only widget tests were found in the reviewed change tests. Assertions check concrete behavior: host sequence, call counts, visible text, persisted favorite state, selected EQ preset, and playback calls.
+
+---
+
+## Issues Found
+
+### CRITICAL
+
+None found in static re-review after the targeted fixes.
+
+### WARNING
+
+1. Runtime verification is blocked because Flutter is unavailable. This is not a production-code defect, but it blocks Strict TDD completion and archive.
+2. The transient startup recovery scenario is still proven most directly at `ServicioRadio` level rather than by a direct `EstadoRadio.inicializar()` integration test that starts with a transient service failure and ends with no visible startup error. Given the design decision that retry ownership lives in `ServicioRadio`, this is a coverage nuance, not a new blocker beyond runtime execution.
+
+### SUGGESTION
+
+1. When Flutter is available, run `flutter test` first; only after it passes should tasks 5.3/5.4 be marked complete.
+2. Consider adding one direct `EstadoRadio.inicializar()` transient-recovery test later if the team wants tighter end-to-end coverage for the first startup scenario.
+
+---
+
+## Changed File Coverage
+
+Coverage analysis skipped: Flutter is unavailable, so `flutter test --coverage` cannot run.
+
+---
+
+## Quality Metrics
+
+**Linter**: Not run (`flutter analyze` requires Flutter in PATH).  
+**Type checker**: Not run (`flutter analyze` requires Flutter in PATH).  
+**Build**: Not run; build commands are prohibited by project and mission constraints.
+
+---
+
+## Tasks 5.3 / 5.4 Status
+
+| Task | Status | Reason |
+|---|---|---|
+| 5.3 VERIFY: Run `flutter test` only; never run `flutter build`. | INCOMPLETE | `flutter test` was attempted but failed before execution because the `flutter` command is unavailable. |
+| 5.4 VERIFY: Compare passing tests against every Given/When/Then scenario. | INCOMPLETE | No test passed at runtime in this environment, so scenario compliance cannot be accepted under Strict TDD. |
+
+Do not mark either task complete until `flutter test` actually passes.
+
+---
+
+## Verdict
+
+**BLOCKED, not archiveable.**
+
+Static targeted fixes are present and no new static blockers were found, but Strict TDD runtime verification cannot pass without a successful `flutter test` run.
+
+---
+
+## Next Recommended
+
+1. Install/expose Flutter on PATH for the verification environment.
+2. Run `flutter test` only; do **not** run `flutter build`.
+3. If tests pass, update tasks 5.3/5.4 and rerun verify to produce a passing scenario compliance matrix.
+
+---
+
+## Risks
+
+- Until `flutter test` runs, compile errors or failing tests may still exist undetected.
+- Archive would be premature because Strict TDD requires passing behavioral evidence, not just static review.
+
+---
+
+## Artifacts Updated
+
+- `openspec/changes/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/verify-report.md`
+- Engram topic `sdd/startup-retry-custom-stations-eq-persistence/verify-report`
+
+---
+
+## Skill Resolution
+
+injected

openspec/config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+schema: spec-driven
+
+context: |
+  Tech stack: Flutter/Dart app for Android+iOS.
+  Architecture: Provider/ChangeNotifier with Spanish domain folders: estado, modelos, pantallas, servicios, widgets.
+  Testing: flutter_test via `flutter test`; Strict TDD enabled.
+  Style: flutter_lints via analysis_options.yaml; use flutter analyze and dart format.
+  Constraint: never run flutter build after changes.
+
+strict_tdd: true
+
+testing:
+  strict_tdd: true
+  detected: 2026-04-27
+  test_runner:
+    framework: flutter_test
+    command: flutter test
+  layers:
+    unit:
+      available: true
+      tool: flutter_test
+    integration:
+      available: false
+      tool: null
+    e2e:
+      available: false
+      tool: null
+  coverage:
+    available: true
+    command: flutter test --coverage
+  quality_tools:
+    linter:
+      available: true
+      command: flutter analyze
+    type_checker:
+      available: true
+      command: flutter analyze
+    formatter:
+      available: true
+      command: dart format .
+
+rules:
+  proposal:
+    - Include rollback plan for risky changes
+    - Identify affected modules/packages
+  specs:
+    - Use Given/When/Then format for scenarios
+    - Use RFC 2119 keywords
+  design:
+    - Include architecture decisions with rationale
+  tasks:
+    - Group tasks by phase
+    - Use hierarchical numbering
+    - Keep tasks small enough to complete in one session
+  apply:
+    - Follow existing code patterns and conventions
+    - Strict TDD Mode is active
+    - Never run flutter build
+  verify:
+    - Run tests if possible
+    - Compare implementation against every spec scenario
+    - Never run flutter build
+  archive:
+    - Persist final state to Engram and openspec

pubspec.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name: pluriwave
 description: "Radio mundial con ecualizador, reconocimiento de canciones y UI premium"
 publish_to: 'none'
-version: 0.1.3+4
+version: 0.1.6+7
 
 environment:
   sdk: ^3.7.0

test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/estado/estado_radio.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart';
+
+import '../helpers/fakes.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  group('EstadoRadio integración de custom + EQ persistente', () {
+    test('incluye emisoras custom en el listado principal de inicio', () async {
+      final archivo = await _crearArchivoCustom([
+        emisoraDemo(uuid: 'custom-1', nombre: 'Custom Uno'),
+      ]);
+      final estado = EstadoRadio(
+        audio: FakeServicioAudio(),
+        favoritos: FakeServicioFavoritos(),
+        radio: FakeServicioRadio(
+          populares: [emisoraDemo(uuid: 'api-1', nombre: 'API Uno')],
+        ),
+        servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(),
+        resolverArchivoCustom: () async => archivo,
+        iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+      );
+
+      await estado.inicializar();
+
+      expect(
+        estado.emisorasInicio.map((e) => e.uuid).toList(),
+        equals(['custom-1', 'api-1']),
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('carga EQ principal persistido antes de decidir EQ de reproducción',
+        () async {
+      final audio = FakeServicioAudio();
+      final principal = PresetEcualizador.rock;
+      final emisora = emisoraDemo(uuid: 'api-1', nombre: 'API Uno');
+      final estado = EstadoRadio(
+        audio: audio,
+        favoritos: FakeServicioFavoritos(),
+        radio: FakeServicioRadio(populares: [emisora]),
+        servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(principal: principal),
+        resolverArchivoCustom: _archivoCustomVacio,
+        iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+      );
+
+      await estado.inicializar();
+      await estado.reproducir(emisora);
+
+      expect(estado.presetEcualizador, principal);
+      expect(audio.presetsAplicados.first, principal);
+      expect(audio.presetsAplicados.last, principal);
+    });
+
+    test('mantiene EQ persistido aunque el ecualizador nativo no esté disponible',
+        () async {
+      final principal = PresetEcualizador.jazz;
+      final porEmisora = {'fav-1': PresetEcualizador.rock};
+      final estado = EstadoRadio(
+        audio: FakeServicioAudio(ecualizadorActivo: false),
+        favoritos: FakeServicioFavoritos(),
+        radio: FakeServicioRadio(),
+        servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(
+          principal: principal,
+          porEmisora: porEmisora,
+        ),
+        resolverArchivoCustom: _archivoCustomVacio,
+        iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+      );
+
+      await estado.inicializar();
+
+      expect(estado.ecualizadorDisponible, isFalse);
+      expect(estado.presetEcualizador, principal);
+      expect(estado.presetPrincipalEcualizador, principal);
+      expect(
+        estado.presetEcualizadorPorEmisora('fav-1'),
+        PresetEcualizador.rock,
+      );
+    });
+
+    test(
+        'inicializar deja error tras fallo y cargarPopulares manual recupera estaciones',
+        () async {
+      final radio = FakeServicioRadio(
+        erroresPopularesPorLlamada: [Exception('sin red')],
+        popularesPorLlamada: [
+          const [],
+          [emisoraDemo(uuid: 'api-ok', nombre: 'API Recuperada')],
+        ],
+        tendenciasPorLlamada: [
+          const [],
+          [emisoraDemo(uuid: 'trend-ok', nombre: 'Trend Recuperada')],
+        ],
+      );
+      final estado = EstadoRadio(
+        audio: FakeServicioAudio(),
+        favoritos: FakeServicioFavoritos(),
+        radio: radio,
+        servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(),
+        resolverArchivoCustom: _archivoCustomVacio,
+        iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+      );
+
+      await estado.inicializar();
+      expect(estado.error, 'Sin conexión a la API de radio');
+
+      await estado.cargarPopulares();
+
+      expect(estado.error, isNull);
+      expect(estado.populares.map((e) => e.uuid), contains('api-ok'));
+      expect(estado.tendencias.map((e) => e.uuid), contains('trend-ok'));
+      expect(radio.obtenerPopularesCalls, 2);
+    });
+
+    test('EQ propio por emisora pisa al principal y puede volver a fallback',
+        () async {
+      final audio = FakeServicioAudio();
+      final favoritos = FakeServicioFavoritos();
+      final emisora = emisoraDemo(uuid: 'fav-1', nombre: 'Favorita');
+      final principal = PresetEcualizador.pop;
+      final propio = PresetEcualizador.jazz;
+      await favoritos.agregar(emisora);
+
+      final estado = EstadoRadio(
+        audio: audio,
+        favoritos: favoritos,
+        radio: FakeServicioRadio(populares: [emisora]),
+        servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(principal: principal),
+        resolverArchivoCustom: _archivoCustomVacio,
+        iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+      );
+
+      await estado.inicializar();
+      await estado.cargarFavoritos();
+      await estado.guardarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(emisora.uuid, propio);
+
+      await estado.reproducir(emisora);
+      expect(estado.presetEcualizador, propio);
+      expect(audio.presetsAplicados.last, propio);
+
+      await estado.deshabilitarPresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(emisora.uuid);
+      await estado.reproducir(emisora);
+      expect(estado.presetEcualizador, principal);
+      expect(audio.presetsAplicados.last, principal);
+    });
+
+    test('favorita sin EQ propio usa EQ principal desde el primer play', () async {
+      final audio = FakeServicioAudio();
+      final favoritos = FakeServicioFavoritos();
+      final emisora = emisoraDemo(uuid: 'fav-main', nombre: 'Favorita Main');
+      final principal = PresetEcualizador.voz;
+      await favoritos.agregar(emisora);
+
+      final estado = EstadoRadio(
+        audio: audio,
+        favoritos: favoritos,
+        radio: FakeServicioRadio(populares: [emisora]),
+        servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(principal: principal),
+        resolverArchivoCustom: _archivoCustomVacio,
+        iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+      );
+
+      await estado.inicializar();
+      await estado.cargarFavoritos();
+      await estado.reproducir(emisora);
+
+      expect(estado.tienePresetEcualizadorPorEmisora(emisora.uuid), isFalse);
+      expect(estado.presetEcualizador, principal);
+      expect(audio.presetsAplicados.last, principal);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+Future<File> _archivoCustomVacio() async => _crearArchivoCustom(const []);
+
+Future<File> _crearArchivoCustom(List<dynamic> emisoras) async {
+  final dir = await Directory.systemTemp.createTemp('pluriwave-test-');
+  final archivo = File('${dir.path}/emisoras_custom.json');
+  await archivo.writeAsString(jsonEncode(emisoras.map((e) => e.toMap()).toList()));
+  return archivo;
+}

test/helpers/fakes.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:pluriwave/modelos/emisora.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_ecualizador.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_favoritos.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_radio.dart';
+
+class FakeServicioAudio extends ServicioAudio {
+  FakeServicioAudio({this.ecualizadorActivo = true}) {
+    _estadoController.add(EstadoReproduccion.detenido);
+  }
+
+  final bool ecualizadorActivo;
+  final _estadoController = StreamController<EstadoReproduccion>.broadcast();
+  final List<PresetEcualizador> presetsAplicados = [];
+  final List<Emisora> emisorasReproducidas = [];
+  Emisora? _emisoraActual;
+
+  @override
+  Emisora? get emisoraActual => _emisoraActual;
+
+  @override
+  bool get ecualizadorDisponible => ecualizadorActivo;
+
+  @override
+  Stream<EstadoReproduccion> get estadoStream => _estadoController.stream;
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> reproducir(Emisora emisora) async {
+    _emisoraActual = emisora;
+    emisorasReproducidas.add(emisora);
+    _estadoController.add(EstadoReproduccion.reproduciendo);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> detener() async {
+    _emisoraActual = null;
+    _estadoController.add(EstadoReproduccion.detenido);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> aplicarPreset(PresetEcualizador preset) async {
+    presetsAplicados.add(preset);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> setBanda(int index, double db) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> dispose() async {
+    await _estadoController.close();
+  }
+}
+
+class FakeServicioFavoritos extends ServicioFavoritos {
+  final Map<String, Emisora> _favoritos = {};
+  int toggleCalls = 0;
+
+  @override
+  Future<List<Emisora>> obtenerTodos() async => _favoritos.values.toList();
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> agregar(Emisora emisora) async {
+    _favoritos[emisora.uuid] = emisora;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> eliminar(String uuid) async {
+    _favoritos.remove(uuid);
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<bool> esFavorito(String uuid) async => _favoritos.containsKey(uuid);
+
+  @override
+  Future<bool> toggleFavorito(Emisora emisora) async {
+    toggleCalls += 1;
+    if (_favoritos.containsKey(emisora.uuid)) {
+      _favoritos.remove(emisora.uuid);
+      return false;
+    }
+    _favoritos[emisora.uuid] = emisora;
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+class FakeServicioRadio extends ServicioRadio {
+  FakeServicioRadio({
+    List<Emisora>? populares,
+    List<Emisora>? tendencias,
+    List<Emisora>? busqueda,
+    List<List<Emisora>>? popularesPorLlamada,
+    List<List<Emisora>>? tendenciasPorLlamada,
+    List<Object>? erroresPopularesPorLlamada,
+    List<Object>? erroresTendenciasPorLlamada,
+  })  : _populares = populares ?? [],
+        _tendencias = tendencias ?? [],
+        _busqueda = busqueda ?? [],
+        _popularesPorLlamada = popularesPorLlamada ?? const [],
+        _tendenciasPorLlamada = tendenciasPorLlamada ?? const [],
+        _erroresPopularesPorLlamada = erroresPopularesPorLlamada ?? const [],
+        _erroresTendenciasPorLlamada = erroresTendenciasPorLlamada ?? const [];
+
+  final List<Emisora> _populares;
+  final List<Emisora> _tendencias;
+  final List<Emisora> _busqueda;
+  final List<List<Emisora>> _popularesPorLlamada;
+  final List<List<Emisora>> _tendenciasPorLlamada;
+  final List<Object> _erroresPopularesPorLlamada;
+  final List<Object> _erroresTendenciasPorLlamada;
+
+  int obtenerPopularesCalls = 0;
+  int obtenerTendenciasCalls = 0;
+  int registrarClickCalls = 0;
+  String? ultimoUuidClick;
+
+  Exception _normalizarError(Object error) =>
+      error is Exception ? error : Exception(error.toString());
+
+  @override
+  Future<List<Emisora>> obtenerPopulares({int limit = 30}) async {
+    final llamada = obtenerPopularesCalls++;
+    if (llamada < _erroresPopularesPorLlamada.length) {
+      throw _normalizarError(_erroresPopularesPorLlamada[llamada]);
+    }
+    final data = llamada < _popularesPorLlamada.length
+        ? _popularesPorLlamada[llamada]
+        : _populares;
+    return data.take(limit).toList();
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<List<Emisora>> obtenerTendencias({int limit = 20}) async {
+    final llamada = obtenerTendenciasCalls++;
+    if (llamada < _erroresTendenciasPorLlamada.length) {
+      throw _normalizarError(_erroresTendenciasPorLlamada[llamada]);
+    }
+    final data = llamada < _tendenciasPorLlamada.length
+        ? _tendenciasPorLlamada[llamada]
+        : _tendencias;
+    return data.take(limit).toList();
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<List<Emisora>> buscar({
+    String? nombre,
+    String? pais,
+    String? idioma,
+    String? tag,
+    int limit = 30,
+  }) async {
+    return _busqueda.take(limit).toList();
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> registrarClick(String uuid) async {
+    registrarClickCalls += 1;
+    ultimoUuidClick = uuid;
+  }
+}
+
+class FakeServicioEcualizador extends ServicioEcualizador {
+  FakeServicioEcualizador({
+    PresetEcualizador? principal,
+    Map<String, PresetEcualizador>? porEmisora,
+  }) : _config = ConfiguracionEcualizador(
+          principal: principal ?? PresetEcualizador.flat,
+          porEmisora: porEmisora ?? {},
+        );
+
+  ConfiguracionEcualizador _config;
+
+  @override
+  Future<ConfiguracionEcualizador> cargar() async => _config;
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> guardarPrincipal(PresetEcualizador preset) async {
+    _config = ConfiguracionEcualizador(
+      principal: preset,
+      porEmisora: _config.porEmisora,
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> guardarPorEmisora(String uuid, PresetEcualizador preset) async {
+    final mapa = Map<String, PresetEcualizador>.from(_config.porEmisora);
+    mapa[uuid] = preset;
+    _config = ConfiguracionEcualizador(
+      principal: _config.principal,
+      porEmisora: mapa,
+    );
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> eliminarPorEmisora(String uuid) async {
+    final mapa = Map<String, PresetEcualizador>.from(_config.porEmisora);
+    mapa.remove(uuid);
+    _config = ConfiguracionEcualizador(
+      principal: _config.principal,
+      porEmisora: mapa,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+Emisora emisoraDemo({
+  required String uuid,
+  required String nombre,
+  String url = 'https://stream.demo/radio',
+}) {
+  return Emisora(uuid: uuid, nombre: nombre, url: url);
+}

test/pantallas/pantalla_inicio_test.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/estado/estado_radio.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/pantallas/pantalla_favoritos.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/pantallas/pantalla_inicio.dart';
+import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
+
+import '../helpers/fakes.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  testWidgets(
+      'PantallaInicio muestra custom, reproducir usa EstadoRadio y favorito usa flujo existente',
+      (tester) async {
+    final audio = FakeServicioAudio();
+    final favoritos = FakeServicioFavoritos();
+    final radio = FakeServicioRadio();
+    final custom = emisoraDemo(uuid: 'custom-1', nombre: 'Custom Uno');
+    final archivo = await _crearArchivoCustom([custom]);
+    final estado = EstadoRadio(
+      audio: audio,
+      favoritos: favoritos,
+      radio: radio,
+      servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(),
+      resolverArchivoCustom: () async => archivo,
+      iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+    );
+    await estado.inicializar();
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      ChangeNotifierProvider<EstadoRadio>.value(
+        value: estado,
+        child: const MaterialApp(
+          home: Scaffold(body: PantallaInicio()),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(find.text('Custom Uno'), findsOneWidget);
+
+    await tester.tap(find.text('Custom Uno'));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+    expect(audio.emisorasReproducidas.map((e) => e.uuid), contains('custom-1'));
+    expect(radio.ultimoUuidClick, 'custom-1');
+
+    final tarjetaCustom = find.ancestor(
+      of: find.text('Custom Uno'),
+      matching: find.byType(Card),
+    );
+    final botonFavorito = find.descendant(
+      of: tarjetaCustom.first,
+      matching: find.byIcon(Icons.favorite_outline_rounded),
+    );
+    expect(botonFavorito, findsOneWidget);
+
+    await tester.tap(botonFavorito);
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(favoritos.toggleCalls, 1);
+    expect(await favoritos.esFavorito(custom.uuid), isTrue);
+  });
+
+  testWidgets(
+      'PantallaInicio permite reintentar manualmente tras fallo inicial agotado',
+      (tester) async {
+    final radio = FakeServicioRadio(
+      erroresPopularesPorLlamada: [Exception('sin red')],
+      popularesPorLlamada: [
+        const [],
+        [emisoraDemo(uuid: 'api-1', nombre: 'API Uno')],
+      ],
+      tendenciasPorLlamada: [
+        const [],
+        [emisoraDemo(uuid: 'trend-1', nombre: 'Trend Uno')],
+      ],
+    );
+    final estado = EstadoRadio(
+      audio: FakeServicioAudio(),
+      favoritos: FakeServicioFavoritos(),
+      radio: radio,
+      servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(),
+      resolverArchivoCustom: _archivoCustomVacio,
+      iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+    );
+    await estado.inicializar();
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      ChangeNotifierProvider<EstadoRadio>.value(
+        value: estado,
+        child: const MaterialApp(
+          home: Scaffold(body: PantallaInicio()),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(find.text('Sin conexión a la API de radio'), findsOneWidget);
+    expect(find.text('Reintentar'), findsOneWidget);
+
+    await tester.tap(find.text('Reintentar'));
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(radio.obtenerPopularesCalls, 2);
+    expect(find.text('Sin conexión a la API de radio'), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.text('API Uno'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+
+  testWidgets('PantallaFavoritos muestra custom favorito tras recarga',
+      (tester) async {
+    final favoritos = FakeServicioFavoritos();
+    final custom = emisoraDemo(uuid: 'custom-1', nombre: 'Custom Uno');
+    final archivo = await _crearArchivoCustom([custom]);
+    final estado = EstadoRadio(
+      audio: FakeServicioAudio(),
+      favoritos: favoritos,
+      radio: FakeServicioRadio(
+        populares: [emisoraDemo(uuid: 'api-1', nombre: 'API Uno')],
+      ),
+      servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(),
+      resolverArchivoCustom: () async => archivo,
+      iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+    );
+    await estado.inicializar();
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      ChangeNotifierProvider<EstadoRadio>.value(
+        value: estado,
+        child: const MaterialApp(
+          home: Scaffold(body: PantallaInicio()),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    final tarjetaCustom = find.ancestor(
+      of: find.text('Custom Uno'),
+      matching: find.byType(Card),
+    );
+    final botonFavorito = find.descendant(
+      of: tarjetaCustom.first,
+      matching: find.byIcon(Icons.favorite_outline_rounded),
+    );
+    expect(botonFavorito, findsOneWidget);
+
+    await tester.tap(botonFavorito);
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      ChangeNotifierProvider<EstadoRadio>.value(
+        value: estado,
+        child: const MaterialApp(
+          home: Scaffold(body: PantallaFavoritos()),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    expect(await favoritos.esFavorito(custom.uuid), isTrue);
+    expect(find.text('Custom Uno'), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+}
+
+Future<File> _crearArchivoCustom(List<dynamic> emisoras) async {
+  final dir = await Directory.systemTemp.createTemp('pluriwave-test-');
+  final archivo = File('${dir.path}/emisoras_custom.json');
+  await archivo.writeAsString(jsonEncode(emisoras.map((e) => e.toMap()).toList()));
+  return archivo;
+}
+
+Future<File> _archivoCustomVacio() async => _crearArchivoCustom(const []);

test/servicios/servicio_radio_test.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import 'dart:convert';
+
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
+import 'package:http/testing.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_radio.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  group('ServicioRadio retry + rotación', () {
+    test(
+        'reintenta con otro host cuando el primero falla y recupera en el segundo',
+        () async {
+      final hostsSolicitados = <String>[];
+      final servicio = ServicioRadio(
+        cliente: MockClient((request) async {
+          hostsSolicitados.add(request.url.host);
+          if (request.url.host == 'host-1.api.radio-browser.info') {
+            return http.Response('fallo', 500);
+          }
+          return http.Response(
+            jsonEncode([
+              {
+                'stationuuid': 'uuid-ok',
+                'name': 'Radio Recuperada',
+                'url_resolved': 'https://stream.recuperada/audio',
+              },
+            ]),
+            200,
+            headers: {'content-type': 'application/json'},
+          );
+        }),
+        servidores: const [
+          'host-1.api.radio-browser.info',
+          'host-2.api.radio-browser.info',
+        ],
+        maxIntentos: 3,
+        retryDelay: Duration.zero,
+      );
+
+      final emisoras = await servicio.obtenerPopulares(limit: 1);
+
+      expect(emisoras, hasLength(1));
+      expect(emisoras.first.uuid, 'uuid-ok');
+      expect(
+        hostsSolicitados,
+        equals([
+          'host-1.api.radio-browser.info',
+          'host-2.api.radio-browser.info',
+        ]),
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('corta al llegar al tope de intentos y propaga error final', () async {
+      var intentos = 0;
+      final servicio = ServicioRadio(
+        cliente: MockClient((request) async {
+          intentos += 1;
+          throw http.ClientException('sin red', request.url);
+        }),
+        servidores: const ['host-unico.api.radio-browser.info'],
+        maxIntentos: 2,
+        retryDelay: Duration.zero,
+      );
+
+      expect(
+        () => servicio.obtenerPopulares(limit: 1),
+        throwsA(isA<Exception>()),
+      );
+      expect(intentos, 2);
+    });
+  });
+}