fix(eq): entregar los decibelios que pide el usuario, sin estirarlos

La app promete decibelios en cuatro sitios y no los entregaba en ninguno. El
slider abarca un +/-12 fijo, escribe el numero con su unidad debajo de cada
banda, y `equalizerBandValue` le dice literalmente "decibelios" a TalkBack. El
modelo documenta las bandas como dB y los presets de fabrica estan escritos en
dB. just_audio documenta `setGain` en decibelios y multiplica por 1000 para
llegar a milibelios sin normalizar nada: `minDecibels`/`maxDecibels` son la
CAPACIDAD del dispositivo, no una escala a la que normalizar.

Pese a eso, la ganancia se estiraba por `maxDecibels/12`. Un +6 dB llegaba como
+10 en un movil de rango ancho.

El estiramiento nunca fue una decision de diseño

Antes de a9202c6 el codigo era `setGain(preset.bandas[i])`, decibelios
literales. Ese commit metio la normalizacion sin docstring, sin test y sin nota
de diseño, y traia un fallo: 0 dB caia en el punto medio del rango, asi que un
preset PLANO realzaba. 3449e2c corrigio exactamente eso y nada mas -- su propio
mensaje dice que el objetivo era "0 dB es siempre 0" -- heredando el
estiramiento sin discutirlo. No hay ADR, spec ni comentario que lo justifique.

Lo que de verdad rompia: la portabilidad

Lo que se persiste y se exporta son los dB del usuario, sin escalar; el escalado
ocurre solo al escribir en el efecto nativo. Asi que el mismo backup suena
distinto en cada telefono, y la interfaz informa de una restauracion perfecta
mientras el audio no lo es. Peor con el rango asimetrico habitual de Android
([-12, +19]): los realces se multiplican por 1.58 y los cortes por 1.0, de modo
que el preset no solo sube de nivel, CAMBIA DE FORMA. Jazz [3, -1, -1.5, 2, 4]
se entregaba como [4.75, -1, -1.5, 3.17, 6.33]. Con presets por dispositivo, el
mismo preset se deformaba distinto en el altavoz y en el Bluetooth.

No es un clamp a secas

`db.clamp(minDecibels, maxDecibels)` habria reintroducido el fallo de 3449e2c:
en un dispositivo que reporte [+3, +19], el cero se convierte en +3 y el preset
plano vuelve a realzar. La ventana se fuerza a contener el cero, asi que se
conservan todas las invariantes ganadas -- 0 siempre es 0, el signo nunca se
invierte, el resultado nunca escapa del rango nativo, un dispositivo sin margen
en un lado no puede realzar por ese lado -- y solo desaparece el estiramiento.

Que se oye distinto: en un movil de +/-12 dB, identico a hoy. En uno de rango
ancho los realces bajan, hasta un 40% menos en dB en uno de +/-20. Los cortes
apenas se mueven, porque la forma habitual es [-12, +N] y el lado negativo ya
iba practicamente 1:1. A cambio, los seis presets de fabrica suenan por fin
igual en cualquier telefono.

Ningun preset guardado necesita migracion: lo almacenado siempre fueron los dB
del usuario.

Suite completa: 1534 pasan, 2 omitidos. flutter analyze mantiene los 5 avisos
preexistentes.

lib/estado/estado_ecualizador.dart

@@ -663,12 +663,29 @@ class EstadoEcualizador extends ChangeNotifier {
   /// Each step then re-checks [_activo]: a newer tap that landed mid-flight
   /// owns the outcome, and this superseded call must not apply a preset or
   /// persist a value the user has already changed their mind about.
+  ///
+  /// The handler can also REFUSE the change: when the native `setEnabled`
+  /// throws, `PluriWaveAudioHandler._aplicarEcualizadorActivo` rolls its own
+  /// flag back and skips its persistence write, so the value we optimistically
+  /// published never happened. Reading [ServicioAudio.ecualizadorActivo] back
+  /// (the handler is the single owner of the flag — eq-estado-unico) is how we
+  /// learn that: on divergence we adopt the handler's real value and return
+  /// WITHOUT persisting, instead of showing a lie and writing a rejected value
+  /// to disk that would resurrect it on the next start. The supersede check
+  /// runs FIRST so a newer tap still owns the outcome; the read-back only
+  /// speaks for a call nobody overtook.
   Future<void> cambiarActivo(bool activo) async {
     _activo = activo;
     notifyListeners();
 
     await audio.setEcualizadorActivo(activo);
     if (_activo != activo) return;
+    final aceptado = audio.ecualizadorActivo;
+    if (aceptado != activo) {
+      _activo = aceptado;
+      notifyListeners();
+      return;
+    }
     if (activo) {
       await audio.aplicarPreset(_presetActual);
       if (_activo != activo) return;

lib/estado/estado_radio.dart

@@ -338,24 +338,6 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
     }
   }
 
-  /// Best-effort remembers [emisora] as the last used station (issue 4) so
-  /// [_restaurarUltimaEmisora] can bring it back after a restart. Fire-and-
-  /// forget, same treatment [reproducir] already gives other non-critical
-  /// side effects (e.g. `radio.registrarClick`) — a failed write here must
-  /// never block or fail actual playback.
-  Future<void> _persistirUltimaEmisora(Emisora emisora) async {
-    try {
-      final prefs = await _resolverPrefs();
-      await prefs.setString(_keyUltimaEmisora, jsonEncode(emisora.toMap()));
-    } catch (e) {
-      registrarSaltoPersistencia(
-        subsistema: 'ultima_emisora',
-        detalle: 'persistir ${emisora.uuid}',
-        razon: e.toString(),
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
   /// Escucha el stream de estado del audio y gestiona errores de reproducción.
   void _escucharErroresReproduccion() {
     _suscripcionEstadoAudio = audio.estadoStream.listen((estado) {
@@ -375,9 +357,12 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
       final actual = audio.emisoraActual;
       if (actual != null && actual.uuid != _emisoraSeleccionada?.uuid) {
         _emisoraSeleccionada = actual;
-        // Issue 4: an Android-Auto-initiated selection is a real station
-        // change too — remember it the same way `reproducir` does.
-        unawaited(_persistirUltimaEmisora(actual));
+        // Issue 4's write used to live here as well. It is gone: the handler
+        // persists every station itself from `_cambiarFuente`, which is the
+        // same source change that moved `audio.emisoraActual` and is the
+        // reason this branch runs at all. Writing again here would make the
+        // key's final value depend on how two independent fire-and-forget
+        // chains interleave on a fast station switch.
       }
       notifyListeners();
     });
@@ -588,10 +573,13 @@ class EstadoRadio extends ChangeNotifier {
     }
     _emisoraSeleccionada = emisora;
     notifyListeners();
-    // Issue 4: remembers the station the user just picked so it survives a
-    // restart — fire-and-forget, same treatment as `radio.registrarClick`
-    // below (a persistence failure here must never block playback).
-    unawaited(_persistirUltimaEmisora(emisora));
+    // Issue 4's `ultima_emisora_v1` write used to be here. It now happens
+    // once, inside the handler's `_cambiarFuente`, which `audio.reproducir`
+    // below reaches for this very station — see
+    // [GuardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida]. Persisting here as well would have
+    // left the key with TWO fire-and-forget writers whose relative order
+    // decides the value after a fast A -> B switch, and this one cannot see
+    // the revision guard that already cancels a superseded change.
     try {
       await audio.reproducir(emisora);
       if (revision != _revisionReproduccion) return;

lib/main.dart

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import 'app.dart';
 import 'estado/estado_entitlement.dart';
 import 'servicios/arranque_audio.dart';
 import 'servicios/contexto_reproduccion.dart';
+import 'servicios/emisoras_destacadas.dart';
 import 'servicios/musica_local_auto.dart';
 import 'servicios/navegacion_auto.dart';
 import 'servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
@@ -197,6 +198,12 @@ Future<void> main() async {
       handler,
       leerEqActivoPersistido: ecualizador.leerActivo,
       guardarEqActivoPersistido: ecualizador.guardarActivo,
+      // The PRESET's half of the same seam. Without it the handler enabled
+      // the equalizer with its hardcoded FLAT preset on any engine where the
+      // phone UI never ran — i.e. every headless Android Auto bind. There is
+      // no write port: `EstadoEcualizador` still owns saving presets (a car
+      // preset choice goes through it), so the handler only ever reads.
+      leerPresetPersistido: ecualizador.leerPresetPrincipal,
       // Skip context («in which list am I»). Bound here, on the audio
       // bootstrap path of EVERY engine, precisely because the headless
       // Android Auto engine builds no widget tree and therefore no
@@ -204,6 +211,15 @@ Future<void> main() async {
       // context the car could never have.
       leerContextoSalto: contextoSaltoPersistido,
       guardarContextoSalto: guardarContextoSalto,
+      // Last played station (`ultima_emisora_v1`). Bound here for the SAME
+      // reason as the skip context: `EstadoRadio` — which used to be its only
+      // writer — belongs to the widget tree, and the Android Auto engine
+      // builds none, so a session that happened only in the car never updated
+      // the key and the head unit was offered whatever the PHONE last played.
+      // The write port is now the key's single writer; the read port feeds the
+      // cold-start metadata seed and the bare-`play()` resume.
+      leerUltimaEmisora: ultimaEmisoraPersistida,
+      guardarUltimaEmisora: guardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida,
     );
     // The handler is the only thing this app ever tears down
     // (`onTaskRemoved`), so the asyncError subscription's `cancel` travels

lib/servicios/emisoras_destacadas.dart

@@ -155,6 +155,28 @@ Future<bool> esEmisoraGratuitaPorUuid(
 Future<Emisora?> ultimaEmisoraPersistida({SharedPreferences? prefs}) =>
     _ultimaEmisora(prefs: prefs);
 
+/// Writes [emisora] as the last-played station — the SINGLE writer of
+/// [claveUltimaEmisora].
+///
+/// It lives beside [ultimaEmisoraPersistida] rather than in `EstadoRadio`
+/// because the key has to be written from the engine Android Auto starts,
+/// which builds no widget tree and therefore never constructs `EstadoRadio`
+/// at all: a session that happened only in the car used to leave the key
+/// holding whatever the PHONE last played, so the head unit's resume row and
+/// the free tier's featured folder were both stale on the next connect.
+///
+/// Deliberately NOT swallowing failures here: the handler port that calls it
+/// traces and swallows (a persistence failure must never break playback),
+/// and a silent `catch` in BOTH places would make a dead write channel
+/// invisible from a car logcat.
+Future<void> guardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida(
+  Emisora emisora, {
+  SharedPreferences? prefs,
+}) async {
+  final resueltas = prefs ?? await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
+  await resueltas.setString(claveUltimaEmisora, jsonEncode(emisora.toMap()));
+}
+
 /// Reads the persisted last-played station, or `null` when there is none,
 /// the payload is unreadable, or prefs themselves fail.
 Future<Emisora?> _ultimaEmisora({SharedPreferences? prefs}) async {

lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart

@@ -56,10 +56,34 @@ typedef GuardarEqActivoPersistido = Future<void> Function(bool activo);
 /// tests, fakes), which simply falls back to deriving the context on the spot.
 typedef LeerContextoSaltoPersistido = Future<ContextoSalto?> Function();
 
+/// Read port for the equalizer's persisted PRESET, the exact sibling of
+/// [LeerEqActivoPersistido]. Bound to `ServicioEcualizador.leerPresetPrincipal`
+/// in `main.dart`; `null` for any caller with no disk (widget tests, fakes).
+typedef LeerPresetPersistido = Future<PresetEcualizador?> Function();
+
 /// Write port for the same context. Bound to `guardarContextoSalto`.
 typedef GuardarContextoSaltoPersistido =
     Future<void> Function(ContextoSalto contexto);
 
+/// Read port for the persisted last-played station (`ultima_emisora_v1`).
+/// Bound to `ultimaEmisoraPersistida` in `main.dart`; `null` for any caller
+/// with no disk (widget tests, fakes), which then neither seeds the cold-start
+/// metadata nor resumes anything from a bare `play()`.
+typedef LeerUltimaEmisoraPersistida = Future<Emisora?> Function();
+
+/// Write port for the same key, and — since this seam exists — its ONLY
+/// writer.
+///
+/// It had none: `EstadoRadio._persistirUltimaEmisora` was the sole writer and
+/// `EstadoRadio` is built by the lazy `ChangeNotifierProvider` in `app.dart`,
+/// which a headless Android Auto engine (`AudioServicePlugin.java:75-111`
+/// builds `new FlutterEngine(applicationContext)` with no Activity) never
+/// reaches. So a session that happened ONLY in the car never updated the key,
+/// and on the next connect the head unit was offered the station from the
+/// last time the PHONE was used — the same stale record
+/// `resolverEmisorasDestacadas` puts first in the free tier's featured folder.
+typedef GuardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida = Future<void> Function(Emisora emisora);
+
 /// Last value read from disk for the equalizer on/off flag, or `null` while
 /// nothing has been read yet.
 ///
@@ -86,6 +110,22 @@ bool? _eqActivoPersistido;
 /// equalizer on, and the app has always behaved that way.
 bool estadoEqInicial({required bool? persistido}) => persistido ?? true;
 
+/// The two native operations an equalizer on/off transition is made of, as
+/// values so their ORDER is a testable fact rather than the incidental shape
+/// of a method body.
+///
+/// Off-device neither operation is observable (`_eqDisponible` is `false`, and
+/// `AndroidEqualizer.parameters` never completes without an attached player),
+/// so before this enum the sequence could only be asserted by reading the
+/// source — which is how the wrong one shipped.
+enum PasoEcualizador {
+  /// Write the current preset's band levels into the native effect.
+  ganancias,
+
+  /// Flip the native effect on or off (`AudioEffect.setEnabled`).
+  habilitacion,
+}
+
 /// Reads the persisted equalizer flag through [leer] exactly once and seeds
 /// [handler] with it, without ever writing back.
 ///
@@ -110,6 +150,37 @@ Future<void> _sembrarEcualizadorDesdeDisco(
   );
 }
 
+/// Reads the persisted equalizer PRESET through [leer] exactly once and seeds
+/// [handler] with it.
+///
+/// The exact sibling of [_sembrarEcualizadorDesdeDisco], and it exists for the
+/// exact same reason. eq-estado-unico gave the on/off FLAG a UI-independent
+/// link to disk; the preset never got one, so `_presetActual` stayed on its
+/// hardcoded `PresetEcualizador.flat`. On a phone that is invisible —
+/// `EstadoEcualizador` owns the real preset and pushes it into the handler as
+/// soon as the widget tree exists. On the headless engine Android Auto starts
+/// there is no widget tree and no `EstadoEcualizador`, so a car toggle
+/// enabled the equalizer and applied FLAT.
+///
+/// Never throws: an unreadable preference store leaves the handler on the
+/// historical default rather than taking down the audio bootstrap.
+Future<void> _sembrarPresetDesdeDisco(
+  PluriWaveAudioHandler handler,
+  LeerPresetPersistido leer,
+) async {
+  PresetEcualizador? persistido;
+  try {
+    persistido = await leer();
+  } catch (e) {
+    debugPrint(
+      '[PluriWave][ServicioAudio] no se pudo leer el preset EQ persistido: $e',
+    );
+    persistido = null;
+  }
+  if (persistido == null) return;
+  await handler.sembrarPresetEcualizador(persistido);
+}
+
 /// Wires the freshly built handler into the module-level seams.
 ///
 /// [leerEqActivoPersistido] and [guardarEqActivoPersistido] give the handler
@@ -123,8 +194,11 @@ void registrarHandler(
   PluriWaveAudioHandler handler, {
   LeerEqActivoPersistido? leerEqActivoPersistido,
   GuardarEqActivoPersistido? guardarEqActivoPersistido,
+  LeerPresetPersistido? leerPresetPersistido,
   LeerContextoSaltoPersistido? leerContextoSalto,
   GuardarContextoSaltoPersistido? guardarContextoSalto,
+  LeerUltimaEmisoraPersistida? leerUltimaEmisora,
+  GuardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida? guardarUltimaEmisora,
 }) {
   _handlerGlobal = handler;
   // Registered BEFORE the seeding below is awaited so that a toggle arriving
@@ -139,9 +213,26 @@ void registrarHandler(
     leer: leerContextoSalto,
     guardar: guardarContextoSalto,
   );
+  // Same seam shape again for the last-played station. The WRITE half is
+  // registered before anything is awaited for the same reason the equalizer's
+  // is: a station change arriving during the read below must still be
+  // persisted.
+  handler.registrarPersistenciaUltimaEmisora(
+    leer: leerUltimaEmisora,
+    guardar: guardarUltimaEmisora,
+  );
+  // Cold-start metadata (A3). Seeded eagerly, like the equalizer flag and
+  // unlike the skip context: a head unit asks for the now-playing metadata
+  // the moment it binds, and `audio_service` cannot send any while
+  // `mediaItem` is null. Fire-and-forget and internally guarded, so it is a
+  // no-op without a read port and never clobbers a live station.
+  unawaited(handler.sembrarUltimaEmisoraDesdeDisco());
   if (leerEqActivoPersistido != null) {
     unawaited(_sembrarEcualizadorDesdeDisco(handler, leerEqActivoPersistido));
   }
+  if (leerPresetPersistido != null) {
+    unawaited(_sembrarPresetDesdeDisco(handler, leerPresetPersistido));
+  }
   // iap-freemium-unlock (design.md Open Questions, orchestrator-resolved),
   // generalizado en fix/android-auto-musica-local item 4: invalida
   // activamente todo id de nivel raíz que un head unit pueda tener cacheado
@@ -596,44 +687,51 @@ DecisionToggleEq decidirToggleEq({
   requiereLlamadaNativa: eqDisponible,
 );
 
-/// Translates a gain on the app's fixed ±12 dB slider scale to the range the
-/// device's native equalizer actually reports
-/// (`AndroidEqualizerParameters.min/maxDecibels`, itself derived from
-/// `Equalizer.getBandLevelRange()`).
+/// Delivers a gain from the app's ±12 dB slider to the device's native
+/// equalizer, clamped by what the device reports it can do
+/// (`AndroidEqualizerParameters.min/maxDecibels`, itself
+/// `Equalizer.getBandLevelRange()` in millibels divided by 1000).
 ///
 /// Top-level and pure so the mapping is testable without a device.
 ///
-/// THE DEFECT THIS REPLACES, and the likely source of the reported «suena muy
-/// alto»: the previous implementation normalised across the whole range and
-/// interpolated linearly,
+/// THE CONTRACT: the decibels the user reads are the decibels the device is
+/// asked for. The native range BOUNDS the request; it is not a scale to
+/// normalise into. Both sides are already the same unit — `just_audio`
+/// documents `setGain` as taking decibels and its Android bridge does
+/// `setBandLevel(band, round(gain * 1000.0))`, plain dB to millibels with no
+/// normalisation — so multiplying by the device's headroom was a unit error.
 ///
-///     minDecibels + ((db + 12) / 24) * (maxDecibels - minDecibels)
+/// WHY IT MATTERS, in the app's own terms. The slider is hard-coded
+/// `min: -12.0, max: 12.0`, the label under each band prints
+/// `'${banda.toStringAsFixed(1)}dB'`, and TalkBack reads `equalizerBandValue`
+/// = "{value} decibels": one promise, made three ways. Presets are persisted
+/// and exported as those same raw slider values (`PresetEcualizador.toJson`),
+/// so scaling at this boundary made an exported backup mean a different SOUND
+/// on a different phone while displaying identical numbers — and on the
+/// common asymmetric shape [-12, +19] it multiplied boosts by 1.58 and cuts
+/// by 1.0, deforming a preset's shape rather than just its depth.
 ///
-/// which puts 0 dB at the MIDPOINT of the native range. That is only 0 when
-/// the range is symmetric, and Android guarantees no such thing — the
-/// Equalizer contract only promises a min/max pair. On a device reporting,
-/// say, [-12, +19] dB, every band of a FLAT preset was pushed to +3.5 dB of
-/// real boost: audibly louder, with the on/off button still reading "off"
-/// and nothing in the UI to explain it.
-///
-/// The contract here instead: 0 dB is always exactly 0, and each side of the
-/// scale is stretched independently against its own end of the native range,
-/// so a cut can never become a boost. A range with no headroom on one side
-/// (or none at all) collapses that side to 0 rather than inverting it.
+/// WHAT IS DELIBERATELY KEPT from the mapping this replaces — every invariant
+/// the «suena muy alto» fix earned. Note the clamp window is widened to
+/// always contain 0: a naive `db.clamp(minDecibels, maxDecibels)` would, on a
+/// device reporting a wholly positive range such as [+3, +19], turn a FLAT
+/// preset's 0 dB into +3 dB of real boost on every band — exactly the bug
+/// that was fixed. So 0 dB is always exactly 0, the sign of the user's intent
+/// is never inverted, the result never escapes the native range, a device
+/// with no headroom above unity can never boost, and a zero-width range
+/// collapses to 0.
 double mapearGananciaNativa(
   double db, {
   required double minDecibels,
   required double maxDecibels,
 }) {
   final limitado = db.clamp(-12.0, 12.0);
-  if (limitado == 0) return 0;
-  if (limitado > 0) {
-    // Only genuine headroom above unity counts as boost.
-    final techo = maxDecibels > 0 ? maxDecibels : 0.0;
-    return (limitado / 12.0) * techo;
-  }
+  // The clamp window is the device's range widened to include 0, so that a
+  // device reporting no headroom on one side collapses that side to "no
+  // change" instead of forcing a gain the user never asked for.
   final suelo = minDecibels < 0 ? minDecibels : 0.0;
-  return (limitado.abs() / 12.0) * suelo;
+  final techo = maxDecibels > 0 ? maxDecibels : 0.0;
+  return limitado.clamp(suelo, techo);
 }
 
 /// Advances to the NEXT factory preset after [actual] in [presets] order
@@ -1057,7 +1155,7 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     ),
   );
 
-  AndroidEqualizer _eq = AndroidEqualizer();
+  AndroidEqualizer _eq = _crearEq();
   late AudioPlayer _player = _crearPlayer();
   StreamSubscription<PlayerState>? _estadoPlayerSub;
   StreamSubscription<Duration>? _bufferedSub;
@@ -1222,6 +1320,39 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   bool _eqDisponible = false;
   bool get ecualizadorDisponible => _eqDisponible;
 
+  /// Last [AndroidEqualizerParameters] resolved by [_activarEcualizador].
+  ///
+  /// Cached rather than re-awaited because `AndroidEqualizer.parameters` is a
+  /// `Completer` future that only completes when the platform player attaches
+  /// (`just_audio.dart` `AndroidEqualizer._activate`). Awaiting it from a
+  /// toggle path therefore does not "read the device", it BLOCKS until the
+  /// next successful load — potentially forever if that load fails — which
+  /// would leave the car's equalizer button pending and its icon stale.
+  /// `null` means "not resolved yet on this player": the gains are skipped and
+  /// [_activarEcualizador] pushes them as soon as the player attaches.
+  AndroidEqualizerParameters? _paramsEq;
+
+  /// The [PasoEcualizador]s the LAST on/off transition actually executed, in
+  /// execution order. Reset at the start of every transition, so it stays
+  /// bounded and says exactly what the most recent toggle did.
+  ///
+  /// This is the only way a test can see the order: both operations are
+  /// invisible off-device. Asserting "both happened" would have stayed green
+  /// against the very bug this exists for.
+  @visibleForTesting
+  List<PasoEcualizador> get pasosEcualizadorEjecutados =>
+      List.unmodifiable(_pasosEqEjecutados);
+  final _pasosEqEjecutados = <PasoEcualizador>[];
+
+  /// How many native equalizer calls have thrown.
+  ///
+  /// The native effect is write-only (`just_audio` exposes no
+  /// `Equalizer.getEnabled()`), so a failure used to be indistinguishable
+  /// from success both in a logcat and in a test.
+  @visibleForTesting
+  int get fallosNativosEcualizador => _fallosNativosEq;
+  int _fallosNativosEq = 0;
+
   /// The equalizer's on/off state — and, since eq-estado-unico, its SINGLE
   /// in-memory owner. `EstadoEcualizador._activo` is now a pure display
   /// mirror of this field, and `ServicioEcualizador` is its durable copy.
@@ -1284,6 +1415,127 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     _guardarContextoSalto = guardar;
   }
 
+  LeerUltimaEmisoraPersistida? _leerUltimaEmisora;
+  GuardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida? _guardarUltimaEmisora;
+
+  /// Injects the last-played station's persistence ports (see
+  /// [GuardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida]). Both accept `null` — a handler with no
+  /// disk simply never remembers and never restores, exactly as before this
+  /// seam existed.
+  void registrarPersistenciaUltimaEmisora({
+    LeerUltimaEmisoraPersistida? leer,
+    GuardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida? guardar,
+  }) {
+    _leerUltimaEmisora = leer;
+    _guardarUltimaEmisora = guardar;
+  }
+
+  /// Whether [item] is a RADIO STATION rather than a local track.
+  ///
+  /// `ultima_emisora_v1` is read back as an `emisora:<uuid>` row by the car's
+  /// recent root and by `resolverEmisorasDestacadas`, so a `content://` local
+  /// track written there would occupy that slot with a row that resolves to
+  /// nothing when tapped. Every station path builds its item through
+  /// [mediaItemParaEmisora] or `reproducirPorMediaId`, both of which stamp
+  /// `extras['uuid']`; `construirMediaItemColaLocal`/`reproducirPistaLocal`
+  /// stamp `extras['documentId']` instead. Private: it is asserted through
+  /// the real source-change path (a local track must leave the record
+  /// untouched), not as a predicate in isolation.
+  static bool _esMediaItemDeEmisora(MediaItem item) {
+    final uuid = item.extras?['uuid'];
+    return uuid is String && uuid.isNotEmpty;
+  }
+
+  /// Best-effort write of the last-played station through the injected port.
+  ///
+  /// Never throws and never blocks the source change: a persistence failure
+  /// must cost the driver a stale resume row, never the station they just
+  /// asked for. Traced rather than swallowed, so a dead write channel is
+  /// visible in a car logcat instead of looking exactly like a working one.
+  Future<void> _persistirUltimaEmisora(MediaItem item) async {
+    if (!_esMediaItemDeEmisora(item)) return;
+    final guardar = _guardarUltimaEmisora;
+    if (guardar == null) return;
+    try {
+      await guardar(emisoraDesdeMediaItem(item));
+    } catch (e) {
+      debugPrint(
+        '[PluriWave][ServicioAudio] no se pudo guardar la ultima emisora: $e',
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// The persisted last-played station, or `null` when there is no port, no
+  /// record, or the read failed. Never throws — an unreadable record must
+  /// mean "nothing to resume", not a dead Play button.
+  Future<Emisora?> _ultimaEmisoraRecordada() async {
+    final leer = _leerUltimaEmisora;
+    if (leer == null) return null;
+    try {
+      return await leer();
+    } catch (e) {
+      debugPrint(
+        '[PluriWave][ServicioAudio] no se pudo leer la ultima emisora: $e',
+      );
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Whether a source has actually been opened on this handler — set by
+  /// [_cambiarFuente] once it is past its revision guard, cleared by [stop].
+  ///
+  /// Deliberately NOT `mediaItem.value != null`: since
+  /// [sembrarUltimaEmisoraDesdeDisco] publishes metadata on a cold start
+  /// WITHOUT loading anything, the two questions stopped being the same one.
+  /// Reading the metadata there would send a bare `play()` straight into
+  /// `_player.play()` on a player with no source, which is defect A2 all over
+  /// again.
+  bool _fuenteAbierta = false;
+
+  /// Publishes the persisted station's metadata on a COLD start, without
+  /// touching the player.
+  ///
+  /// The handler constructor only wires streams, and the only `mediaItem.add`
+  /// sites are the duration update (which needs an item to already exist),
+  /// [_cambiarFuente] and [stop] (which publishes `null`). So on a headless
+  /// bind `mediaItem` was null, `audio_service.dart:1029-1033` returned before
+  /// `setMediaItem`, and the head unit received no metadata at all — no title,
+  /// no artwork, nothing to put on the now-playing surface.
+  ///
+  /// Checked before AND after the disk read: a station that started while the
+  /// read was in flight owns the metadata, and renaming what the driver is
+  /// actually listening to would be far worse than a blank tile.
+  Future<void> sembrarUltimaEmisoraDesdeDisco() async {
+    if (mediaItem.value != null || _fuenteAbierta) return;
+    final ultima = await _ultimaEmisoraRecordada();
+    if (ultima == null) return;
+    if (mediaItem.value != null || _fuenteAbierta) return;
+    mediaItem.add(mediaItemParaEmisora(ultima, l10n: _textos));
+  }
+
+  /// Resolves the persisted station and starts it through the ordinary play
+  /// path. Returns `false` when there was nothing to resume.
+  ///
+  /// Routed through [playMediaItem] on purpose — the revision guard, the
+  /// queue clearing, the skip-context recording and the terminal-state floor
+  /// all live behind that choke point, and a parallel path would have to
+  /// re-earn every one of them.
+  Future<bool> _reanudarUltimaEmisora() async {
+    final ultima = await _ultimaEmisoraRecordada();
+    if (ultima == null) return false;
+    try {
+      await playMediaItem(mediaItemParaEmisora(ultima, l10n: _textos));
+    } catch (e) {
+      // The failure is already published to `playbackState` by
+      // `_cambiarFuente`; a transport button must not additionally throw out
+      // of the handler (Spec "never propagate from the handler").
+      debugPrint(
+        '[PluriWave][ServicioAudio] no se pudo reanudar la ultima emisora: $e',
+      );
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
   /// The remembered context: memory first, then the read port ONCE.
   ///
   /// Never throws — an unreadable context must mean "derive it again", not a
@@ -1401,6 +1653,36 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
 
   PresetEcualizador _presetActual = PresetEcualizador.flat;
   PresetEcualizador get presetActual => _presetActual;
+
+  /// True once anybody has chosen a preset on this handler. Guards the disk
+  /// seed against clobbering a live choice — see [_sembrarPresetDesdeDisco].
+  bool _presetElegido = false;
+
+  /// The ordered native steps an on/off transition performs.
+  ///
+  /// Pure and public so the ORDER is asserted directly.
+  @visibleForTesting
+  static List<PasoEcualizador> pasosEcualizador({required bool activo}) =>
+      activo
+          // GAINS FIRST. `AudioEffect.setEnabled(true)` re-activates the
+          // native `android.media.audiofx.Equalizer`, which still holds the
+          // band levels the PREVIOUS preset left in it — so enabling first
+          // means the driver hears the old equalization and then, one native
+          // round trip per band, the new one sliding in over it. That is the
+          // «doubled equalization» the owner reports from the car. Writing
+          // the levels while the effect is still bypassed makes the
+          // transition a single audible step.
+          ? const [PasoEcualizador.ganancias, PasoEcualizador.habilitacion]
+          // DISABLING DOES NOT RESET THE GAINS, on purpose.
+          // `AudioEffect.setEnabled(false)` (just_audio's
+          // `AudioPlayer.java:820-822` → `AudioEffect.setEnabled`) BYPASSES
+          // the effect; it neither releases it nor clears its band levels,
+          // and a bypassed effect is inaudible whatever they hold. Zeroing
+          // them would be one `setBandLevel` IPC per band for no audible
+          // difference, and the enable path above rewrites them all before
+          // re-enabling anyway — so there is no stale-gain window left for a
+          // reset to close.
+          : const [PasoEcualizador.habilitacion];
   int? get androidAudioSessionId => _androidAudioSessionId;
   Stream<int?> get androidAudioSessionIdStream =>
       _androidAudioSessionIdController.stream;
@@ -1575,6 +1857,21 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   )?
   fabricaReproductorPrueba;
 
+  /// Same seam as [fabricaReproductorPrueba], for the native equalizer effect.
+  ///
+  /// `AudioEffect.setEnabled` is a silent no-op while the player is detached
+  /// (`just_audio.dart` gates it on `_player._active`), so off-device a
+  /// failing native equalizer cannot otherwise be simulated at all — which is
+  /// why the silent `catch (_) {}` on that path shipped with zero coverage.
+  /// Static for the same reason as [fabricaReproductorPrueba]: `_eq` is a
+  /// field initializer, so the factory must already be installed before
+  /// `PluriWaveAudioHandler()` runs. Tests clear it in `tearDown`.
+  @visibleForTesting
+  static AndroidEqualizer Function()? fabricaEcualizadorPrueba;
+
+  static AndroidEqualizer _crearEq() =>
+      fabricaEcualizadorPrueba?.call() ?? AndroidEqualizer();
+
   AudioPlayer _crearPlayer() {
     final pipeline = AudioPipeline(androidAudioEffects: [_eq]);
     final fabrica = fabricaReproductorPrueba;
@@ -2196,6 +2493,24 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     if (revision != _revisionFuente) return;
     this.mediaItem.add(mediaItem);
     emisoraActual = _emisoraDesdeMediaItem(mediaItem);
+    // A source is now genuinely open on this handler — see [_fuenteAbierta].
+    _fuenteAbierta = true;
+    // THE SINGLE WRITER of `ultima_emisora_v1`. Placed here, past the
+    // revision guard and beside the `mediaItem` publish, because this is the
+    // one point EVERY play path funnels through: the phone (`EstadoRadio.
+    // reproducir` -> `ServicioAudio.reproducir` -> `playMediaItem`), a car
+    // browse tap (`playFromMediaId`), voice (`playFromSearch`), a skip, a
+    // queue advance and the bare-`play()` resume below.
+    //
+    // `EstadoRadio._persistirUltimaEmisora` was deleted rather than kept
+    // alongside this. Two writers of one key is exactly the shape that
+    // produced the equalizer divergence twice: both wrote fire-and-forget, so
+    // on a fast A -> B station switch the interleaving of two independent
+    // unawaited chains decided the final value, and the phone's copy could
+    // not see the revision guard that already cancels a superseded change.
+    // One writer behind one serialized queue has neither problem, and it is
+    // the only writer that exists on the engine Android Auto starts.
+    unawaited(_persistirUltimaEmisora(mediaItem));
     // A new source is being opened, so no previous terminal error owns the
     // screen any more (see [_errorTerminal]).
     _errorTerminal = false;
@@ -2330,8 +2645,31 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
       await anterior.dispose().timeout(_timeoutCierrePlayer);
     } catch (_) {}
 
-    _eq = AndroidEqualizer();
-    _eqDisponible = false;
+    _eq = _crearEq();
+    // `_eqDisponible` is deliberately NOT reset here. It answers "does this
+    // DEVICE have a usable native Equalizer effect", which no station change
+    // can alter — and resetting it on every source change is what made a car
+    // toggle land in a window where every native EQ path was gated off (the
+    // reported «does nothing») and made the EQ custom action disappear from
+    // the now-playing screen and come back seconds later
+    // (`controlesEcualizadorPersonalizados` returns `const []` when
+    // unavailable). [_activarEcualizador] is the only writer now: it sets it
+    // true when the fresh effect reports bands, false when it throws.
+    //
+    // Keeping it true across the rebuild cannot lie or throw, and that was
+    // verified against just_audio 0.9.46 rather than assumed:
+    //  - `AudioEffect.setEnabled` short-circuits on `_player._active`, so on
+    //    the detached fresh player it only records the Dart-side intent and
+    //    never reaches the platform — no throw, no native call.
+    //  - that recorded intent is NOT lost: the effect's `_toMessage()` is
+    //    only read when the player attaches (`AudioPlayer._setPlatformActive`
+    //    → `InitRequest.androidAudioEffects`), so a toggle made inside this
+    //    window is carried into the new native pipeline verbatim.
+    //  - the one call that WOULD hang is `await AndroidEqualizer.parameters`:
+    //    its `Completer` only completes in `_activate`, i.e. when the player
+    //    attaches. No toggle path awaits it any more — they read the
+    //    [_paramsEq] cache cleared just below and skip while it is null.
+    _paramsEq = null;
     // Resets alongside its siblings above: the fresh player starts detached,
     // so the next non-idle event is a genuine idle -> active edge that
     // [debeReasertarEcualizadorNativo] must see. A value stuck at `true`
@@ -2389,10 +2727,12 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     try {
       final params = await _eq.parameters;
       _eqDisponible = params.bands.isNotEmpty;
-      // eq-estado-unico item E: the ONE number that decides whether
-      // [mapearGananciaNativa] can be silently boosting a FLAT preset on
-      // this device. `Equalizer.getBandLevelRange()` is not required to be
-      // symmetric, and nothing else in the app can observe what it returned.
+      // eq-estado-unico item E: the ONE number that decides how much of the
+      // ±12 dB slider [mapearGananciaNativa] can actually honour on this
+      // device — anything past this range is clamped, so a report of "the
+      // slider stops doing anything past N" is answered from this line.
+      // `Equalizer.getBandLevelRange()` is not required to be symmetric, and
+      // nothing else in the app can observe what it returned.
       // `debugPrint` (never `dart:developer`'s `log`) so it reaches logcat in
       // the release build, which is the only one that ever runs in a car:
       //
@@ -2403,8 +2743,8 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
         'activo=$_ecualizadorActivo preset=${_presetActual.nombre}',
       );
       if (_eqDisponible) {
-        await _eq.setEnabled(_ecualizadorActivo);
-        await aplicarPreset(_presetActual);
+        _paramsEq = params;
+        await _conmutarEcualizadorNativo(_ecualizadorActivo);
       }
     } catch (_) {
       _eqDisponible = false;
@@ -2484,26 +2824,27 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   /// Aplica un preset al ecualizador nativo Android.
   Future<void> aplicarPreset(PresetEcualizador preset) async {
     _presetActual = preset;
+    // A preset chosen by anyone (car folder, phone screen) claims ownership:
+    // a disk seed still in flight must not overwrite it. See
+    // [_sembrarPresetDesdeDisco].
+    _presetElegido = true;
     if (_eqDisponible) {
       try {
+        // Enable-then-gains here does NOT contradict [pasosEcualizador]'s
+        // gains-then-enable. That order matters only on an on/off TRANSITION,
+        // where enabling first un-bypasses an effect still holding the
+        // previous preset. Choosing a preset is not a transition: the effect
+        // is already in its final on/off state, so this `setEnabled` is the
+        // idempotent re-assert that keeps the native effect honest after a
+        // `stop()` (see [debeReasertarEcualizadorNativo]) and opens no
+        // stale-gain window of its own.
         await _eq.setEnabled(_ecualizadorActivo);
         if (_ecualizadorActivo) {
-          final params = await _eq.parameters;
-          for (
-            int i = 0;
-            i < params.bands.length && i < preset.bandas.length;
-            i++
-          ) {
-            await params.bands[i].setGain(
-              mapearGananciaNativa(
-                preset.bandas[i],
-                minDecibels: params.minDecibels,
-                maxDecibels: params.maxDecibels,
-              ),
-            );
+          await _empujarGananciasNativas(preset);
         }
+      } catch (e) {
+        _registrarFalloEq('aplicarPreset(${preset.nombre})', e);
       }
-      } catch (_) {}
     }
     // Item 4: keeps the EQ custom action's preset-cycle label in sync
     // regardless of WHO changed the preset (a car customAction tap or the
@@ -2518,9 +2859,11 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
       bandas[index] = db;
       _presetActual = _presetActual.copyWithBandas(bandas);
     }
+    _presetElegido = true;
     if (!_eqDisponible || !_ecualizadorActivo) return;
+    final params = _paramsEq;
+    if (params == null) return;
     try {
-      final params = await _eq.parameters;
       if (index < params.bands.length) {
         await params.bands[index].setGain(
           mapearGananciaNativa(
@@ -2530,7 +2873,68 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
           ),
         );
       }
-    } catch (_) {}
+    } catch (e) {
+      _registrarFalloEq('setBanda($index)', e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// Writes [preset]'s band levels into the native effect.
+  ///
+  /// Skips silently while [_paramsEq] is `null` (the player has not attached
+  /// since the last rebuild): the gains have nowhere to go yet and
+  /// [_activarEcualizador] pushes them the moment it does.
+  Future<void> _empujarGananciasNativas(PresetEcualizador preset) async {
+    final params = _paramsEq;
+    if (params == null) return;
+    for (int i = 0; i < params.bands.length && i < preset.bandas.length; i++) {
+      await params.bands[i].setGain(
+        mapearGananciaNativa(
+          preset.bandas[i],
+          minDecibels: params.minDecibels,
+          maxDecibels: params.maxDecibels,
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// The native operations an on/off transition performs, in
+  /// [pasosEcualizador] order.
+  ///
+  /// Returns `false` when the [PasoEcualizador.habilitacion] step itself
+  /// threw, i.e. when the device did NOT adopt [activo]. A failed gains step
+  /// does not make the transition dishonest: the effect really is in the
+  /// requested on/off state, just carrying stale band levels.
+  Future<bool> _conmutarEcualizadorNativo(bool activo) async {
+    _pasosEqEjecutados.clear();
+    var conmutado = true;
+    for (final paso in pasosEcualizador(activo: activo)) {
+      try {
+        switch (paso) {
+          case PasoEcualizador.ganancias:
+            await _empujarGananciasNativas(_presetActual);
+          case PasoEcualizador.habilitacion:
+            await _eq.setEnabled(activo);
+        }
+        _pasosEqEjecutados.add(paso);
+      } catch (e) {
+        _registrarFalloEq('$paso(activo=$activo)', e);
+        if (paso == PasoEcualizador.habilitacion) conmutado = false;
+      }
+    }
+    return conmutado;
+  }
+
+  /// Single trace/count point for every native equalizer failure.
+  ///
+  /// [debugPrint] and never `dart:developer`'s `log`, for the same reason as
+  /// the rest of this file: `log()` writes to the VM service, which the
+  /// RELEASE build a car runs does not have.
+  void _registrarFalloEq(String operacion, Object error) {
+    _fallosNativosEq++;
+    debugPrint(
+      '[PluriWave][ServicioAudio] fallo nativo del ecualizador en '
+      '$operacion: $error',
+    );
   }
 
   /// Sets the equalizer on/off state AND persists it — the single entry
@@ -2539,6 +2943,24 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   Future<void> setEcualizadorActivo(bool activo) =>
       _aplicarEcualizadorActivo(activo, persistir: true);
 
+  /// Adopts a PRESET that came from disk, the sibling of
+  /// [sembrarEcualizadorActivo]. Bound through
+  /// `registrarHandler(leerPresetPersistido: ...)`.
+  ///
+  /// Unlike the on/off flag's seed this one YIELDS to a live choice. The flag
+  /// has exactly one persisted value and the handler owns writing it, so
+  /// seeding it can never contradict anybody. The preset does not: the phone
+  /// UI resolves a richer value (per-station, and per-Bluetooth-device when
+  /// the multi-device toggle is on) that this narrow "principal preset" read
+  /// knows nothing about. The seed's disk read is `unawaited`, so without the
+  /// [_presetElegido] guard a slow read could land after `EstadoEcualizador`
+  /// had already pushed the right preset and silently replace it with the
+  /// principal one. The seed exists to fill a VOID, never to overrule.
+  Future<void> sembrarPresetEcualizador(PresetEcualizador preset) async {
+    if (_presetElegido) return;
+    await aplicarPreset(preset);
+  }
+
   /// Adopts a value that came FROM disk (eq-estado-unico item A). Identical
   /// to [setEcualizadorActivo] except that it does not write back — seeding
   /// is a read, and echoing it to disk would only add a pointless write on
@@ -2550,14 +2972,19 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     bool activo, {
     required bool persistir,
   }) async {
+    final anterior = _ecualizadorActivo;
     _ecualizadorActivo = activo;
-    if (_eqDisponible) {
-      try {
-        await _eq.setEnabled(activo);
-        if (activo) {
-          await aplicarPreset(_presetActual);
-        }
-      } catch (_) {}
+    if (_eqDisponible && !await _conmutarEcualizadorNativo(activo)) {
+      // The device REFUSED the on/off call. Publishing `activo` anyway would
+      // put an icon on the car's now-playing screen claiming a state the
+      // audio does not have — and persisting it would resurrect that lie on
+      // the next engine start. Rolling back is cheap here because
+      // `_ecualizadorActivo` is the single in-memory owner (eq-estado-unico)
+      // and the controls are rebuilt from it one line below; the toggle then
+      // honestly reads "unchanged" and the failure is in the logcat.
+      _ecualizadorActivo = anterior;
+      _actualizarControlesEq();
+      return;
     }
     // Item 4: keeps the EQ custom action's on/off label in sync regardless
     // of WHO toggled it (a car customAction tap or the phone settings
@@ -2624,7 +3051,31 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   Future<void> reaplicarEcualizador() => _activarEcualizador();
 
   @override
-  Future<void> play() {
+  Future<void> play() async {
+    // NO SOURCE LOADED — the cold-engine case, and the reason this override
+    // is no longer a one-liner.
+    //
+    // `AudioService.java:920` routes the car's `KEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY` straight
+    // in here, and there is no `prepare`/`onPrepare`/`prepareFromMediaId`
+    // override anywhere in this app to have loaded anything first. Handed to
+    // `_player.play()`, `just_audio.dart:937-967` publishes
+    // `_playingSubject.add(true)` BEFORE its `_audioSource != null` gate: the
+    // platform is never touched, the returned Future NEVER completes, and yet
+    // `playing: true` is forwarded by [manejarEstadoPlayer] over
+    // `processingState: idle`. `AudioService.java:559-560` then runs
+    // `enterPlayingState()` while `getPlaybackState()` is `STATE_NONE` — a
+    // PluriWave notification with a pause button, no audio, no title and no
+    // artwork, or a `ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException` on API 31+.
+    //
+    // So: resolve the persisted station and go through the ordinary play
+    // path, and when there is nothing to resume touch neither the player nor
+    // `playbackState` and complete immediately. Doing nothing is the correct
+    // answer there — a phantom foreground session is strictly worse than a
+    // Play button that did not find anything to play.
+    if (!_fuenteAbierta) {
+      await _reanudarUltimaEmisora();
+      return;
+    }
     _intencionReproducir = true;
     // Fresh user intent: whatever terminal error was standing no longer owns
     // the screen, so stop masking the player's `idle` (see [_errorTerminal]).
@@ -2674,6 +3125,11 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     // The session is over: whatever this run proved about the mount does not
     // carry into the next one (see [_reproduccionEstablecida]).
     _reproduccionEstablecida = false;
+    // The session is over and `mediaItem` is cleared below, so the next bare
+    // `play()` — a car transport button on a torn-down session — must resolve
+    // a station again instead of calling `_player.play()` on nothing (see
+    // [_fuenteAbierta] and [play]).
+    _fuenteAbierta = false;
     _revisionFuente++;
     await _player.stop();
     // Publish `idle` OURSELVES rather than trusting the player to emit it.
@@ -3150,12 +3606,26 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   @override
   Future<MediaItem?> getMediaItem(String mediaId) async {
     try {
-      final fuente = _fuenteNavegacionGlobal;
-      if (fuente == null) return null;
-      final universo = await _universoCompleto(fuente);
-      final constructor = ConstructorArbolAuto();
-      final emisora = constructor.resolver(mediaId, universo);
-      return emisora == null ? null : constructor.itemEmisora(emisora);
+      final uuid = uuidDeMediaIdEmisora(mediaId);
+      // Not a station id at all (`pista:`, `carpeta_local_*:`, `eq_preset:`,
+      // a folder, or `emisora:` with an empty tail) — unchanged behaviour.
+      if (uuid == null) return null;
+      // Was `_universoCompleto` (favoritos + misEmisoras + todas) alone, which
+      // is EMPTY on a headless bind, while `porUuid` has always also fallen
+      // back to the featured set. The car could therefore BROWSE a featured
+      // station and then fail to resolve its media item — an asymmetry, not a
+      // policy. Delegating to `porUuid` removes it (and short-circuits on the
+      // first list that matches instead of always awaiting all three), and the
+      // `FuenteEmisorasAutoDestacadas` stand-in covers the window before
+      // `main.dart` registers the real source, exactly as [playFromMediaId]
+      // already does.
+      final fuente =
+          _fuenteNavegacionGlobal ??
+          FuenteEmisorasAutoDestacadas(await resolverEmisorasDestacadas());
+      final emisora = await fuente.porUuid(uuid);
+      return emisora == null
+          ? null
+          : ConstructorArbolAuto().itemEmisora(emisora);
     } catch (_) {
       return null;
     }
@@ -3449,12 +3919,4 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     _ => Future.value(const []),
   };
 
-  Future<List<Emisora>> _universoCompleto(FuenteEmisorasAuto fuente) async {
-    final listas = await Future.wait([
-      fuente.favoritos(),
-      fuente.misEmisoras(),
-      fuente.todas(),
-    ]);
-    return listas.expand((lista) => lista).toList();
-  }
 }

lib/servicios/servicio_ecualizador.dart

@@ -256,6 +256,27 @@ class ServicioEcualizador {
     return prefs.getBool(_keyActivo);
   }
 
+  /// The persisted principal preset, or `null` when the user has never saved
+  /// one.
+  ///
+  /// The exact sibling of [leerActivo] and narrow for the same reason: its
+  /// caller is `registrarHandler`, on the audio bootstrap path of EVERY
+  /// engine — including the headless one Android Auto starts, where there is
+  /// no widget tree and `EstadoEcualizador` never exists to push a preset
+  /// into the handler. It reads ONE key, runs none of [cargar]'s migrations
+  /// and mutates nothing.
+  ///
+  /// `null` (nothing saved, or an unreadable value) is preserved rather than
+  /// collapsed to [PresetEcualizador.flat] so the handler's own default —
+  /// not this service — decides what "never persisted" means, and so a seed
+  /// with nothing to say does not overwrite anything.
+  Future<PresetEcualizador?> leerPresetPrincipal() async {
+    final prefs = await _resolverPrefs();
+    final raw = prefs.getString(_keyPresetPrincipal);
+    if (raw == null || raw.isEmpty) return null;
+    return _leerPresetPrincipal(prefs);
+  }
+
   Future<void> eliminarPorEmisora(String uuid) async {
     final prefs = await _resolverPrefs();
     final mapa = _leerPresetsPorEmisora(prefs);

test/estado/estado_ecualizador_test.dart

@@ -1944,6 +1944,59 @@ void main() {
       },
     );
   });
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // The handler REJECTED the toggle (native setEnabled threw): the handler
+  // rolls its own flag back, so this class must not keep — nor persist — a
+  // value the engine refused.
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  group('EstadoEcualizador — cambiarActivo cuando el handler rechaza', () {
+    test(
+      'adopta el valor real del handler y NO persiste el valor rechazado',
+      () async {
+        final fakeAudio = _FakeAudioEqRechazaConmutacion();
+        final fakeServicio = FakeServicioEcualizador(activo: true);
+        final eq = EstadoEcualizador(audio: fakeAudio, servicio: fakeServicio);
+        await eq.cargarPersistido();
+        fakeAudio.cambiosEcualizadorActivo.clear();
+        fakeServicio.guardarActivoLlamadas = 0;
+
+        var avisos = 0;
+        eq.addListener(() => avisos++);
+
+        await eq.cambiarActivo(false);
+        await Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 50));
+
+        // The native call failed, so the handler kept the equalizer ON.
+        expect(fakeAudio.ecualizadorActivo, isTrue);
+        expect(
+          eq.activo,
+          isTrue,
+          reason: 'the UI must show what the engine really does',
+        );
+        expect(avisos, greaterThanOrEqualTo(1));
+        expect(
+          fakeServicio.guardarActivoLlamadas,
+          equals(0),
+          reason: 'a rejected value must never reach disk',
+        );
+        expect(fakeServicio.config.activo, isTrue);
+        eq.dispose();
+      },
+    );
+  });
+}
+
+/// Fake handler that REFUSES every on/off change: it records the call (the
+/// UI-initiated path did reach the engine) but leaves [ecualizadorActivo]
+/// untouched, exactly like `PluriWaveAudioHandler._aplicarEcualizadorActivo`
+/// rolling its flag back when the native `setEnabled` throws.
+class _FakeAudioEqRechazaConmutacion extends FakeServicioAudio {
+  @override
+  Future<void> setEcualizadorActivo(bool activo) async {
+    cambiosEcualizadorActivo.add(activo);
+  }
 }
 
 /// Fake whose [guardarActivo] stays pending until released, and releases the

test/estado/estado_radio_test.dart

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import 'package:pluriwave/estado/estado_radio.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/modelos/emisora.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/modelos/grupo_favoritos.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/emisoras_destacadas.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/navegacion_auto.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
 import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
@@ -792,21 +793,16 @@ void main() {
         '(reinicio) como emisoraActual DETENIDA -- no arranca audio, no '
         'reproduce, sólo queda seleccionada', () async {
       final emisora = emisoraDemo(uuid: 'last-1', nombre: 'Ultima FM');
-      final estadoUno = EstadoRadio(
-        esPremium: () => true,
-        audio: FakeServicioAudio(),
-        favoritos: FakeServicioFavoritos(),
-        radio: FakeServicioRadio(),
-        servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(),
-        resolverArchivoCustom: _archivoCustomVacio,
-        iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
-      );
-      await estadoUno.inicializar();
-      await estadoUno.reproducir(emisora);
-      await estadoUno.detenerReproduccion();
-      // Lets the fire-and-forget persistence write settle before
-      // spinning up the "restart" instance.
-      await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+      // The record is now written by the audio handler's `_cambiarFuente`
+      // (`GuardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida`), which is the SINGLE writer of
+      // `ultima_emisora_v1` and the only one that also exists on the headless
+      // Android Auto engine — `EstadoRadio` used to write it too and no
+      // longer does. Seeded through that same production function here, so
+      // this test covers what `EstadoRadio` actually owns (the RESTORE) with
+      // a real payload instead of one a fake invented. The write itself is
+      // covered end to end in
+      // `test/servicios/servicio_audio_ultima_emisora_test.dart`.
+      await guardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida(emisora);
 
       final audioDos = FakeServicioAudio();
       final estadoDos = EstadoRadio(
@@ -848,9 +844,18 @@ void main() {
     });
 
     test('una emisora seleccionada desde el auto (fuera de reproducir()) '
-        'también se recuerda para la próxima instancia', () async {
+        'deja de estar ensombrecida por la seleccion previa del telefono',
+        () async {
+      // The PERSISTENCE half of this scenario moved to the handler, which is
+      // the only writer that exists on a car-only session — it is covered by
+      // «playFromMediaId desde el coche persiste ESA emisora» in
+      // `test/servicios/servicio_audio_ultima_emisora_test.dart`. What
+      // `EstadoRadio` still owns here, and what this test now pins, is the
+      // shadowing fix: a car selection bypasses `reproducir()`, so without
+      // the `estadoStream` listener `_emisoraSeleccionada` would keep
+      // shadowing the car's station on the `emisoraActual` getter.
       final audio = _AudioControlado();
-      final estadoUno = EstadoRadio(
+      final estado = EstadoRadio(
         esPremium: () => true,
         audio: audio,
         favoritos: FakeServicioFavoritos(),
@@ -859,7 +864,16 @@ void main() {
         resolverArchivoCustom: _archivoCustomVacio,
         iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
       );
-      await estadoUno.inicializar();
+      await estado.inicializar();
+      final desdeElTelefono = emisoraDemo(
+        uuid: 'phone-picked',
+        nombre: 'Elegida en el telefono',
+      );
+      unawaited(estado.reproducir(desdeElTelefono));
+      audio.completar(desdeElTelefono.uuid);
+      await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+      expect(estado.emisoraActual?.uuid, desdeElTelefono.uuid);
+
       final desdeCoche = emisoraDemo(
         uuid: 'auto-remembered',
         nombre: 'Recordada desde el auto',
@@ -867,18 +881,14 @@ void main() {
       audio.seleccionarDesdeAuto(desdeCoche);
       await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
 
-      final estadoDos = EstadoRadio(
-        esPremium: () => true,
-        audio: FakeServicioAudio(),
-        favoritos: FakeServicioFavoritos(),
-        radio: FakeServicioRadio(),
-        servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(),
-        resolverArchivoCustom: _archivoCustomVacio,
-        iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+      expect(
+        estado.emisoraActual?.uuid,
+        desdeCoche.uuid,
+        reason:
+            'the car changed the station without going through reproducir(); '
+            'the phone UI must follow it instead of keeping the previous '
+            'selection on screen',
       );
-      await estadoDos.inicializar();
-
-      expect(estadoDos.emisoraActual?.uuid, desdeCoche.uuid);
     });
   });
 }

test/servicios/servicio_audio_eq_auto_test.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:audio_service/audio_service.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:just_audio/just_audio.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
+
+import '../helpers/handlers_audio.dart';
+
+/// eq-coche — the equalizer toggle pressed FROM ANDROID AUTO.
+///
+/// Reported by the owner: the toggle behaves correctly from the phone screen
+/// but from the car it «sometimes sounds like a doubled equalization and
+/// sometimes does nothing».
+///
+/// Three independent causes, one per group below:
+///
+///  A. The handler's `_presetActual` was hardcoded to `PresetEcualizador.flat`
+///     and had NO disk seam. The on/off flag got one (`leerEqActivoPersistido`,
+///     `eq-estado-unico` item A); the preset never did. On a headless Android
+///     Auto engine — no Activity, no Provider tree, so no `EstadoEcualizador`
+///     to push the real preset — enabling the equalizer from the car applied
+///     FLAT.
+///
+///  B. `_aplicarEcualizadorActivo` called `setEnabled(activo)` BEFORE pushing
+///     the preset's gains, so the native effect was re-activated carrying
+///     whatever band levels the previous preset had left in it and only
+///     afterwards were the intended ones written, band by band. That audible
+///     gap is the «doubled equalization».
+///
+///  C. `_recrearPlayer` dropped `_eqDisponible` to `false` on EVERY station
+///     change and never restored it until the fresh player attached. Every
+///     native EQ path is gated on that flag, so a car toggle landing inside
+///     the window flipped the icon and the flag but never touched the audio —
+///     the «does nothing» — and the EQ button itself vanished from the car's
+///     now-playing screen (`controlesEcualizadorPersonalizados` returns
+///     `const []` when unavailable) and came back seconds later.
+void main() {
+  TestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
+
+  final crearHandler = registrarHandlersLiberables();
+
+  late _GuionReproductorEq guion;
+
+  setUp(() {
+    guion = _GuionReproductorEq();
+    PluriWaveAudioHandler.fabricaReproductorPrueba =
+        (pipeline, carga) => _ReproductorFalsoEq(guion, pipeline, carga);
+  });
+
+  tearDown(() {
+    PluriWaveAudioHandler.fabricaReproductorPrueba = null;
+    PluriWaveAudioHandler.fabricaEcualizadorPrueba = null;
+  });
+
+  group('A — the preset is seeded from disk on a headless engine', () {
+    test('registrarHandler consults the injected preset port exactly once '
+        'and seeds the handler with it, with no widget tree', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      var lecturas = 0;
+
+      registrarHandler(
+        handler,
+        leerPresetPersistido: () async {
+          lecturas++;
+          return PresetEcualizador.jazz;
+        },
+      );
+      await pumpEventQueue();
+
+      expect(lecturas, 1, reason: 'exactly one disk read per engine start');
+      expect(
+        handler.presetActual,
+        PresetEcualizador.jazz,
+        reason:
+            'from the car the handler is the ONLY owner of the preset — '
+            'nothing else ever pushes one on a headless engine',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('a read failure leaves the historical default instead of '
+        'propagating', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+
+      registrarHandler(
+        handler,
+        leerPresetPersistido: () async => throw StateError('sin disco'),
+      );
+      await pumpEventQueue();
+
+      expect(handler.presetActual, PresetEcualizador.flat);
+    });
+
+    test('without a preset port the handler is left untouched (widget tests, '
+        'fakes)', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      await handler.aplicarPreset(PresetEcualizador.rock);
+
+      registrarHandler(handler);
+      await pumpEventQueue();
+
+      expect(handler.presetActual, PresetEcualizador.rock);
+    });
+
+    test('a preset already chosen while the disk read was in flight WINS — '
+        'seeding never clobbers a live choice', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      final lectura = Completer<PresetEcualizador?>();
+
+      registrarHandler(handler, leerPresetPersistido: () => lectura.future);
+      // The phone UI (`EstadoEcualizador`) resolves a per-station preset and
+      // pushes it while the seed's disk read is still pending.
+      await handler.aplicarPreset(PresetEcualizador.pop);
+      lectura.complete(PresetEcualizador.jazz);
+      await pumpEventQueue();
+
+      expect(
+        handler.presetActual,
+        PresetEcualizador.pop,
+        reason:
+            'the seed exists to fill a VOID, not to overrule the richer '
+            'per-station/per-device preset the phone UI resolves',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('B — the preset is pushed BEFORE the effect is enabled', () {
+    test('enabling applies the gains first and only then flips the native '
+        'effect on', () {
+      expect(
+        PluriWaveAudioHandler.pasosEcualizador(activo: true),
+        [PasoEcualizador.ganancias, PasoEcualizador.habilitacion],
+        reason:
+            'enabling first would re-activate the native Equalizer carrying '
+            'the PREVIOUS preset gains, which is the doubled equalization '
+            'the owner hears',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('disabling only flips the effect off — the band gains are NOT '
+        'reset', () {
+      expect(
+        PluriWaveAudioHandler.pasosEcualizador(activo: false),
+        [PasoEcualizador.habilitacion],
+        reason:
+            'android.media.audiofx.AudioEffect.setEnabled(false) bypasses '
+            'the effect and RETAINS its band levels, and the enable path '
+            'rewrites them before re-enabling anyway — zeroing them would be '
+            'one native round trip per band for no audible difference',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('the real toggle path executes those steps IN THAT ORDER', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      registrarHandler(handler);
+      handler.simularEcualizadorDisponible(true);
+
+      await handler.setEcualizadorActivo(true);
+
+      expect(
+        handler.pasosEcualizadorEjecutados,
+        [PasoEcualizador.ganancias, PasoEcualizador.habilitacion],
+        reason:
+            'the ORDER is the fix; asserting only that both happened would '
+            'stay green against the exact bug being fixed',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('the real disable path executes only the habilitacion step', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      registrarHandler(handler);
+      handler.simularEcualizadorDisponible(true);
+
+      await handler.setEcualizadorActivo(false);
+
+      expect(handler.pasosEcualizadorEjecutados, [
+        PasoEcualizador.habilitacion,
+      ]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('C — a station change no longer drops the equalizer', () {
+    test('once the EQ was available, no state published across a station '
+        'change and a car toggle has zero custom actions', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      registrarHandler(handler);
+      handler.simularEcualizadorDisponible(true);
+      // The EQ action is on the car's now-playing screen before the station
+      // changes — that is the state the driver is looking at.
+      await handler.setEcualizadorActivo(true);
+
+      final acciones = <int>[];
+      final sub = handler.playbackState.listen(
+        (estado) => acciones.add(
+          estado.controls.where((c) => c.customAction != null).length,
+        ),
+      );
+
+      await handler.playMediaItem(
+        const MediaItem(id: 'https://a', title: 'A'),
+      );
+      await pumpEventQueue();
+      // The car tap that used to land inside the window `_recrearPlayer`
+      // opened. It republishes the controls from `_eqDisponible`, so a flag
+      // reset to `false` shows up here as an EQ button that disappeared.
+      await handler.customAction(accionEqToggle);
+      await sub.cancel();
+
+      expect(
+        acciones,
+        isNotEmpty,
+        reason: 'the station change must publish at least one state',
+      );
+      expect(
+        acciones.every((n) => n > 0),
+        isTrue,
+        reason:
+            'the EQ button vanished and reappeared on every station change '
+            'because `_recrearPlayer` reset `_eqDisponible`; availability is '
+            'a DEVICE property and does not change with the station. Got '
+            '$acciones',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('the availability flag survives the player rebuild, so a car toggle '
+        'inside the window still reaches the native effect', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      registrarHandler(handler);
+      handler.simularEcualizadorDisponible(true);
+
+      await handler.playMediaItem(
+        const MediaItem(id: 'https://a', title: 'A'),
+      );
+      await pumpEventQueue();
+
+      expect(
+        handler.ecualizadorDisponible,
+        isTrue,
+        reason:
+            'this is the flag every native EQ path is gated on; false here '
+            'is exactly the reported «does nothing»',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('D — a failed native call is traced and never lies', () {
+    test('a throwing setEnabled is traced instead of swallowed', () async {
+      PluriWaveAudioHandler.fabricaEcualizadorPrueba =
+          () => _EcualizadorQueFalla();
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      registrarHandler(handler);
+      handler.simularEcualizadorDisponible(true);
+
+      await handler.setEcualizadorActivo(true);
+
+      expect(
+        handler.fallosNativosEcualizador,
+        greaterThan(0),
+        reason:
+            'the silent `catch (_) {}` made a dead native equalizer '
+            'indistinguishable from a working one in a car logcat',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('a failed on/off call leaves the published state honest instead of '
+        'claiming a state the audio does not have', () async {
+      PluriWaveAudioHandler.fabricaEcualizadorPrueba =
+          () => _EcualizadorQueFalla();
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      registrarHandler(handler);
+      handler.simularEcualizadorDisponible(true);
+      await handler.sembrarEcualizadorActivo(false);
+
+      await handler.setEcualizadorActivo(true);
+
+      expect(
+        handler.ecualizadorActivo,
+        isFalse,
+        reason:
+            'the native effect refused, so the car icon must not read "on" '
+            'over audio that is not equalized',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('a failed on/off call is not persisted', () async {
+      PluriWaveAudioHandler.fabricaEcualizadorPrueba =
+          () => _EcualizadorQueFalla();
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      final escrituras = <bool>[];
+      registrarHandler(
+        handler,
+        guardarEqActivoPersistido: (activo) async => escrituras.add(activo),
+      );
+      handler.simularEcualizadorDisponible(true);
+      await handler.sembrarEcualizadorActivo(false);
+
+      await handler.setEcualizadorActivo(true);
+
+      expect(
+        escrituras,
+        isEmpty,
+        reason:
+            'persisting a state the device rejected would resurrect it on '
+            'the next engine start',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/// An `AndroidEqualizer` whose `setEnabled` always throws, standing in for a
+/// device whose native `Equalizer` effect refuses the call. Nothing else is
+/// overridden, so the rest of the handler runs unchanged.
+class _EcualizadorQueFalla extends AndroidEqualizer {
+  @override
+  Future<void> setEnabled(bool enabled) async {
+    throw StateError('el efecto nativo rechazo la llamada');
+  }
+}
+
+/// Minimal script/observation record shared by every [_ReproductorFalsoEq]
+/// the handler builds (it rebuilds its player on every source change).
+class _GuionReproductorEq {
+  int llamadasSetUrl = 0;
+  _ReproductorFalsoEq? ultimoReproductor;
+}
+
+/// An [AudioPlayer] whose platform-touching methods are replaced, so a real
+/// station change can be driven under `flutter test`. Mirrors the double in
+/// `servicio_audio_transporte_test.dart`.
+class _ReproductorFalsoEq extends AudioPlayer {
+  _ReproductorFalsoEq(
+    this._guion,
+    AudioPipeline pipeline,
+    AudioLoadConfiguration carga,
+  ) : super(audioPipeline: pipeline, audioLoadConfiguration: carga) {
+    _guion.ultimoReproductor = this;
+  }
+
+  final _GuionReproductorEq _guion;
+  final _estados = StreamController<PlayerState>.broadcast();
+
+  @override
+  Stream<PlayerState> get playerStateStream => _estados.stream;
+
+  @override
+  Future<Duration?> setUrl(
+    String url, {
+    Map<String, String>? headers,
+    Duration? initialPosition,
+    bool preload = true,
+    dynamic tag,
+  }) async {
+    _guion.llamadasSetUrl++;
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> play() async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> pause() async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> stop() async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> setVolume(double volume) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> dispose() async {
+    await _estados.close();
+  }
+}

test/servicios/servicio_audio_eq_ganancia_test.dart

@@ -1,28 +1,43 @@
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
 
-/// eq-estado-unico item E — `mapearGananciaNativa`, the translation from the
-/// app's fixed ±12 dB slider scale to whatever range the device's native
-/// `Equalizer.getBandLevelRange()` reports.
+/// `mapearGananciaNativa` — the hand-off from the app's ±12 dB slider to the
+/// device's native `Equalizer`, whose capability is reported as
+/// `AndroidEqualizerParameters.min/maxDecibels`
+/// (`Equalizer.getBandLevelRange()` in millibels, divided by 1000).
 ///
-/// This is the only source-plausible explanation for the reported «suena muy
-/// alto» half of the bug. The original implementation normalised the input
-/// across the WHOLE range and mapped it linearly:
+/// WHY THIS CONTRACT CHANGED — the previous one stretched each side of the
+/// slider against its own end of the native range, so `+6` on a device
+/// reporting `[-12, +20]` was delivered as `+10`. Both sides of the mapping
+/// are already the SAME unit, so that multiplication was a unit error:
 ///
-///     normalizado = (db.clamp(-12, 12) + 12) / 24
-///     return minDecibels + normalizado * (maxDecibels - minDecibels)
+///   * `just_audio` documents `setGain` as "Sets the gain for this band in
+///     decibels", and its Android bridge does `setBandLevel(band,
+///     round(gain * 1000.0))` — plain dB to millibels, no normalisation.
+///     `min/maxDecibels` are the device's absolute CAPABILITY in dB, i.e. a
+///     bound on the control, not a scale to normalise into.
+///   * The app makes the user a decibel promise in three places at once: the
+///     slider is hard-coded `min: -12.0, max: 12.0`, the label under each
+///     band prints `'${banda.toStringAsFixed(1)}dB'`, and TalkBack reads out
+///     `equalizerBandValue` = "{value} decibels". Stretching made that label
+///     a lie on every device whose range is not exactly ±12.
+///   * Presets are persisted and EXPORTED as those same raw slider dB
+///     (`PresetEcualizador.toJson`), so under the old mapping a backup
+///     restored on a wider-range phone showed identical numbers and played
+///     louder — and on the common asymmetric shape `[-12, +19]` boosts were
+///     multiplied by 1.58 while cuts were not, deforming the preset's SHAPE
+///     rather than merely its depth.
 ///
-/// which sends 0 dB to the MIDPOINT of the native range. That is only 0 when
-/// the range happens to be symmetric. Android does not guarantee that: the
-/// AudioEffect Equalizer contract only requires a min/max pair, and real
-/// devices ship asymmetric ranges. On such a device a FLAT preset — every
-/// band 0 dB — was silently pushing a positive boost into every band, which
-/// is audibly louder while the on/off button still reads "off".
+/// So: the number the user reads is the number the device is asked for. The
+/// native range only CLAMPS it.
 ///
-/// The contract asserted here: 0 dB always maps to exactly 0, and the two
-/// sides of the scale are stretched INDEPENDENTLY against their own end of
-/// the native range, so the sign of the user's intent is never inverted and
-/// the extremes still reach the device's real limits.
+/// What this deliberately KEEPS from the previous contract — every invariant
+/// the «suena muy alto» fix actually earned. 0 dB is always exactly 0 (a
+/// naive `db.clamp(minDecibels, maxDecibels)` would regress that on a wholly
+/// positive reported range, turning a FLAT preset into a boost again), the
+/// sign of the user's intent is never inverted, the result never escapes the
+/// native range, a device with no headroom above unity can never boost, and a
+/// zero-width range collapses to 0.
 void main() {
   group('mapearGananciaNativa — 0 dB is always exactly 0', () {
     test('symmetric range (the common case) is unchanged', () {
@@ -43,6 +58,10 @@ void main() {
     });
 
     test('a wholly positive range still cannot boost a FLAT preset', () {
+      // This is precisely why the mapping cannot be a plain
+      // `db.clamp(minDecibels, maxDecibels)`: that would answer +3 here and
+      // bring the «suena muy alto» bug straight back. The clamp window has
+      // to be widened so that it always contains 0.
       expect(mapearGananciaNativa(0, minDecibels: 3, maxDecibels: 19), 0);
     });
 
@@ -51,36 +70,61 @@ void main() {
     });
   });
 
-  group('mapearGananciaNativa — the extremes reach the native limits', () {
-    test('+12 dB maps to the native maximum', () {
-      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(12, minDecibels: -12, maxDecibels: 19), 19);
+  group('mapearGananciaNativa — the slider dB reach the device literally', () {
+    test('+12 dB is delivered as +12 dB, not stretched to the native max', () {
+      // CONTRACT CHANGE: this used to assert 19, i.e. the whole of the
+      // device's headroom. The slider says "12.0dB" and the accessibility
+      // label says "12.0 decibels", so 12 dB is what the device must be
+      // asked for. The 7 dB of extra hardware headroom is unreachable by
+      // design until the slider itself is widened and says so.
+      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(12, minDecibels: -12, maxDecibels: 19), 12);
     });
 
-    test('-12 dB maps to the native minimum', () {
+    test('-12 dB is delivered as -12 dB', () {
       expect(mapearGananciaNativa(-12, minDecibels: -12, maxDecibels: 19), -12);
     });
 
-    test('values beyond the slider scale are clamped, not extrapolated', () {
-      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(40, minDecibels: -15, maxDecibels: 15), 15);
-      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(-40, minDecibels: -15, maxDecibels: 15), -15);
+    test('values beyond the slider scale clamp to the slider limit', () {
+      // CONTRACT CHANGE: these used to answer the NATIVE extremes (±15).
+      // The slider scale is the first bound; the device range is the second.
+      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(40, minDecibels: -15, maxDecibels: 15), 12);
+      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(-40, minDecibels: -15, maxDecibels: 15), -12);
     });
   });
 
-  group('mapearGananciaNativa — each side scales against its own end', () {
-    test('half boost is half of the positive headroom', () {
+  group('mapearGananciaNativa — the label is the value the device gets', () {
+    test('+6 dB on a wide-range device is +6 dB, never 10', () {
+      // CONTRACT CHANGE: this used to assert closeTo(10) — "half boost is
+      // half of the positive headroom". A slider reading "6.0dB" that
+      // produced +10 dB of real boost is exactly what made a restored backup
+      // sound different on a different phone.
       expect(
         mapearGananciaNativa(6, minDecibels: -12, maxDecibels: 20),
-        closeTo(10, 1e-9),
+        closeTo(6, 1e-9),
       );
     });
 
-    test('half cut is half of the negative headroom', () {
+    test('-6 dB on that same device is -6 dB', () {
       expect(
         mapearGananciaNativa(-6, minDecibels: -12, maxDecibels: 20),
         closeTo(-6, 1e-9),
       );
     });
 
+    test('the six factory presets keep their shape on an asymmetric device', () {
+      // Jazz, authored in true dB before any scaling existed. Under the old
+      // mapping [-12, +19] delivered it as [4.75, -1, -1.5, 3.17, 6.33]: a
+      // different tonal curve, not merely a louder one.
+      const jazz = [3.0, -1.0, -1.5, 2.0, 4.0];
+      final entregado = jazz
+          .map(
+            (db) =>
+                mapearGananciaNativa(db, minDecibels: -12, maxDecibels: 19),
+          )
+          .toList();
+      expect(entregado, jazz);
+    });
+
     test('the sign of the user intent is never inverted', () {
       for (final db in [-12.0, -6.0, -1.0, 1.0, 6.0, 12.0]) {
         final nativo = mapearGananciaNativa(
@@ -97,12 +141,44 @@ void main() {
     });
   });
 
+  group('mapearGananciaNativa — a device narrower than the slider', () {
+    test('a request that fits is still delivered literally', () {
+      // CONTRACT CHANGE: the old mapping shrank this to (3/12)*6 = 1.5 dB,
+      // so a modest device silently under-delivered every request too.
+      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(3, minDecibels: -6, maxDecibels: 6), 3);
+      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(-3, minDecibels: -6, maxDecibels: 6), -3);
+    });
+
+    test('a request beyond the device range clamps to the device limit', () {
+      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(12, minDecibels: -6, maxDecibels: 6), 6);
+      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(-12, minDecibels: -6, maxDecibels: 6), -6);
+    });
+
+    test('a very narrow device still gets a sane, in-range value', () {
+      for (final db in [-12.0, -5.0, 0.0, 5.0, 12.0]) {
+        final nativo = mapearGananciaNativa(
+          db,
+          minDecibels: -1.5,
+          maxDecibels: 1.5,
+        );
+        expect(nativo, greaterThanOrEqualTo(-1.5));
+        expect(nativo, lessThanOrEqualTo(1.5));
+        expect(nativo.sign, db.sign);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
   group('mapearGananciaNativa — degenerate ranges reported by the device', () {
-    test('a range with no headroom on one side clamps that side to 0', () {
-      // A device that reports max == 0 can only cut. Asking for a boost must
-      // resolve to "no change", never to a negative value.
+    test('a device with no headroom above unity can never boost', () {
       expect(mapearGananciaNativa(12, minDecibels: -15, maxDecibels: 0), 0);
-      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(-12, minDecibels: -15, maxDecibels: 0), -15);
+      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(6, minDecibels: -15, maxDecibels: 0), 0);
+    });
+
+    test('a cut the device could honour exactly is not over-delivered', () {
+      // CONTRACT CHANGE: this used to answer -15, spending the device's whole
+      // range on a request for -12 dB. The user asked for -12; -12 is
+      // representable here, so -12 is what is sent.
+      expect(mapearGananciaNativa(-12, minDecibels: -15, maxDecibels: 0), -12);
     });
 
     test('a zero-width range collapses everything to 0', () {

test/servicios/servicio_audio_ultima_emisora_test.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:audio_service/audio_service.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:just_audio/just_audio.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/modelos/emisora.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/emisoras_destacadas.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
+import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
+
+import '../helpers/handlers_audio.dart';
+
+/// Resuming the last station in Android Auto — the three defects that made a
+/// car-only session unable to remember, restart or even NAME what it was
+/// playing.
+///
+/// Every test here runs with NO widget tree and NO browse source registered:
+/// that is the engine Android Auto actually starts
+/// (`AudioServicePlugin.java:75-111` builds `new FlutterEngine(context)` with
+/// no Activity), so `EstadoRadio` — the only thing that used to write
+/// `ultima_emisora_v1` — is never constructed there.
+///
+///  A1. The last station was written EXCLUSIVELY by `EstadoRadio`, so a
+///      session that happened only in the car never updated the key and the
+///      head unit was offered the station from the last time the PHONE was
+///      used. The same key feeds `resolverEmisorasDestacadas`, so the free
+///      tier's featured folder was stale too.
+///
+///  A2. `play()` with no source called `_player.play()`, and
+///      `just_audio.dart:937-967` publishes `_playingSubject.add(true)`
+///      BEFORE the `_audioSource != null` gate — so the platform was never
+///      touched, the returned Future never completed, and `playing: true`
+///      was forwarded over `processingState: idle`.
+///      `AudioService.java:559-560` then runs `enterPlayingState()` while
+///      `getPlaybackState()` is `STATE_NONE`: a notification with a pause
+///      button, no audio, no title and no artwork (or a
+///      `ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException` on API 31+).
+///
+///  A3. `mediaItem` was null on a cold start — the only `mediaItem.add` sites
+///      are the duration update, `_cambiarFuente` and `stop` — so
+///      `audio_service.dart:1029-1033` returned before `setMediaItem` and the
+///      native side got no metadata at all.
+void main() {
+  TestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
+
+  final crearHandler = registrarHandlersLiberables();
+
+  late _GuionReproductor guion;
+
+  /// The free set's first station: resolvable from the binary alone, so it
+  /// works on a bind where no browse source was ever registered — which is
+  /// the whole point of these tests.
+  const emisoraFip = Emisora(
+    uuid: 'pw-destacada-fip',
+    nombre: 'FIP',
+    url: 'https://icecast.radiofrance.fr/fip-midfi.mp3',
+    pais: 'France',
+    codigoPais: 'FR',
+    idioma: 'french',
+  );
+
+  setUp(() {
+    guion = _GuionReproductor();
+    PluriWaveAudioHandler.fabricaReproductorPrueba =
+        (pipeline, carga) => _ReproductorFalso(guion, pipeline, carga);
+    // Fresh install = free tier (`esPremiumPersistido` is `getBool(...) ??
+    // false`) and no `ultima_emisora_v1`.
+    SharedPreferences.setMockInitialValues({});
+  });
+
+  tearDown(() {
+    PluriWaveAudioHandler.fabricaReproductorPrueba = null;
+  });
+
+  group('A1 — el coche escribe la ultima emisora', () {
+    test(
+      'playFromMediaId desde el coche persiste ESA emisora por el puerto '
+      'inyectado, sin arbol de widgets',
+      () async {
+        final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
+        final handler = crearHandler();
+        final guardadas = <Emisora>[];
+        registrarHandler(
+          handler,
+          guardarUltimaEmisora: (emisora) async {
+            guardadas.add(emisora);
+            await guardarUltimaEmisoraPersistida(emisora, prefs: prefs);
+          },
+        );
+
+        await handler.playFromMediaId('emisora:${emisoraFip.uuid}');
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+
+        expect(
+          guardadas.map((e) => e.uuid),
+          [emisoraFip.uuid],
+          reason:
+              'a car-only session must update `ultima_emisora_v1` itself — '
+              '`EstadoRadio` is never built on a headless engine',
+        );
+        final persistida = await ultimaEmisoraPersistida(prefs: prefs);
+        expect(persistida?.uuid, emisoraFip.uuid);
+        expect(
+          persistida?.url,
+          emisoraFip.url,
+          reason:
+              'the record has to be PLAYABLE: it is what the recent root and '
+              '`resolverEmisorasDestacadas` hand back to the head unit',
+        );
+      },
+    );
+
+    test('playMediaItem directo (voz, telefono) persiste igual', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      final guardadas = <Emisora>[];
+      registrarHandler(
+        handler,
+        guardarUltimaEmisora: (emisora) async => guardadas.add(emisora),
+      );
+
+      await handler.playMediaItem(
+        const MediaItem(
+          id: 'https://ejemplo/stream',
+          title: 'Ejemplo',
+          extras: {'uuid': 'uuid-ejemplo'},
+        ),
+      );
+      await pumpEventQueue();
+
+      expect(guardadas.map((e) => e.uuid), ['uuid-ejemplo']);
+      expect(guardadas.single.url, 'https://ejemplo/stream');
+    });
+
+    test(
+      'una pista local NO se persiste como ultima emisora',
+      () async {
+        final handler = crearHandler();
+        final guardadas = <Emisora>[];
+        registrarHandler(
+          handler,
+          guardarUltimaEmisora: (emisora) async => guardadas.add(emisora),
+        );
+
+        await handler.playMediaItem(
+          const MediaItem(
+            id: 'content://media/audio/7',
+            title: 'Pista local',
+            extras: {'documentId': 'doc-7'},
+          ),
+        );
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+
+        expect(
+          guardadas,
+          isEmpty,
+          reason:
+              '`ultima_emisora_v1` feeds the recent root and the featured '
+              'folder as an `emisora:<uuid>` row — a `content://` track '
+              'there is a row that does nothing when tapped',
+        );
+      },
+    );
+
+    test('un fallo del puerto se traza y NUNCA propaga', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      registrarHandler(
+        handler,
+        guardarUltimaEmisora: (_) async => throw StateError('sin disco'),
+      );
+
+      await expectLater(
+        handler.playMediaItem(
+          const MediaItem(
+            id: 'https://ejemplo/stream',
+            title: 'Ejemplo',
+            extras: {'uuid': 'uuid-ejemplo'},
+          ),
+        ),
+        completes,
+      );
+      await pumpEventQueue();
+    });
+
+    test('sin puerto (tests de widget, fakes) no pasa nada', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      registrarHandler(handler);
+
+      await expectLater(
+        handler.playMediaItem(
+          const MediaItem(
+            id: 'https://ejemplo/stream',
+            title: 'Ejemplo',
+            extras: {'uuid': 'uuid-ejemplo'},
+          ),
+        ),
+        completes,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('A2 — play() sin fuente no publica una sesion fantasma', () {
+    test(
+      'con una emisora persistida, play() resuelve y arranca ESA emisora: el '
+      'reproductor recibe su url',
+      () async {
+        final handler = crearHandler();
+        registrarHandler(
+          handler,
+          leerUltimaEmisora: () async => emisoraFip,
+        );
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+
+        unawaited(handler.play().catchError((_) {}));
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+
+        expect(
+          guion.urlsSolicitadas,
+          contains(emisoraFip.url),
+          reason:
+              '`AudioService.java:920` routes the car KEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY '
+              'straight into play(); on a cold engine there is no source, so '
+              'it has to resolve the persisted station instead',
+        );
+      },
+    );
+
+    test(
+      'y NINGUN estado publicado lleva playing:true sobre processingState '
+      'idle',
+      () async {
+        final handler = crearHandler();
+        registrarHandler(
+          handler,
+          leerUltimaEmisora: () async => emisoraFip,
+        );
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+
+        final fantasmas = <PlaybackState>[];
+        final sub = handler.playbackState.listen((estado) {
+          if (estado.playing &&
+              estado.processingState == AudioProcessingState.idle) {
+            fantasmas.add(estado);
+          }
+        });
+
+        unawaited(handler.play().catchError((_) {}));
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+        await sub.cancel();
+
+        expect(
+          fantasmas,
+          isEmpty,
+          reason:
+              'playing:true over idle is what makes `AudioService.java:559` '
+              'call enterPlayingState() with STATE_NONE — a PluriWave '
+              'notification with a pause button, no audio and no title',
+        );
+      },
+    );
+
+    test(
+      'sin nada persistido: no se toca el reproductor, no hay estado '
+      'fantasma y play() no se queda colgado',
+      () async {
+        final handler = crearHandler();
+        registrarHandler(handler, leerUltimaEmisora: () async => null);
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+
+        final fantasmas = <PlaybackState>[];
+        final sub = handler.playbackState.listen((estado) {
+          if (estado.playing &&
+              estado.processingState == AudioProcessingState.idle) {
+            fantasmas.add(estado);
+          }
+        });
+
+        await expectLater(
+          handler.play().timeout(const Duration(seconds: 2)),
+          completes,
+        );
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+        await sub.cancel();
+
+        expect(
+          guion.llamadasPlay,
+          0,
+          reason:
+              'with nothing to restore the player must not be touched at '
+              'all: `just_audio` publishes playing:true before its source '
+              'gate and never completes the future it returns',
+        );
+        expect(guion.llamadasSetUrl, 0);
+        expect(fantasmas, isEmpty);
+      },
+    );
+
+    test(
+      'con una fuente ya abierta, play() sigue siendo la reanudacion de '
+      'siempre (pausa -> play no reabre nada)',
+      () async {
+        final handler = crearHandler();
+        registrarHandler(
+          handler,
+          leerUltimaEmisora: () async => emisoraFip,
+        );
+        await handler.playMediaItem(
+          const MediaItem(
+            id: 'https://ejemplo/stream',
+            title: 'Ejemplo',
+            extras: {'uuid': 'uuid-ejemplo'},
+          ),
+        );
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+        await handler.pause();
+        final urlsAntes = List<String>.from(guion.urlsSolicitadas);
+
+        await handler.play();
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+
+        expect(
+          guion.urlsSolicitadas,
+          urlsAntes,
+          reason:
+              'a resume must NOT re-open the source, and must never replace '
+              'the live station with the persisted one',
+        );
+        expect(handler.intencionReproducir, isTrue);
+      },
+    );
+  });
+
+  group('A3 — arranque en frio: el coche recibe metadatos', () {
+    test(
+      'con una emisora persistida se publica su mediaItem SIN arrancar '
+      'reproduccion',
+      () async {
+        final handler = crearHandler();
+
+        registrarHandler(
+          handler,
+          leerUltimaEmisora: () async => emisoraFip,
+        );
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+
+        expect(
+          handler.mediaItem.value,
+          isNotNull,
+          reason:
+              '`audio_service.dart:1029-1033` returns before setMediaItem '
+              'when mediaItem is null, so a cold engine sent the head unit '
+              'no metadata whatsoever',
+        );
+        expect(handler.mediaItem.value?.id, emisoraFip.url);
+        expect(handler.playbackState.value.playing, isFalse);
+        expect(
+          guion.llamadasSetUrl,
+          0,
+          reason:
+              'publishing metadata must not open a stream: a cold bind '
+              'happens on every reconnect and must stay silent',
+        );
+      },
+    );
+
+    test('sin nada persistido el mediaItem sigue vacio', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+
+      registrarHandler(handler, leerUltimaEmisora: () async => null);
+      await pumpEventQueue();
+
+      expect(handler.mediaItem.value, isNull);
+    });
+
+    test(
+      'una emisora que ya empezo a sonar NO es pisada por la siembra',
+      () async {
+        final handler = crearHandler();
+        final lectura = Completer<Emisora?>();
+
+        registrarHandler(handler, leerUltimaEmisora: () => lectura.future);
+        await handler.playMediaItem(
+          const MediaItem(
+            id: 'https://enVivo/stream',
+            title: 'En vivo',
+            extras: {'uuid': 'uuid-en-vivo'},
+          ),
+        );
+        lectura.complete(emisoraFip);
+        await pumpEventQueue();
+
+        expect(
+          handler.mediaItem.value?.id,
+          'https://enVivo/stream',
+          reason:
+              'the seed exists to fill a VOID; clobbering the live station '
+              'would rename what the driver is listening to',
+        );
+      },
+    );
+  });
+
+  group('getMediaItem resuelve tambien el set destacado', () {
+    test(
+      'sin fuente de navegacion registrada, una emisora destacada resuelve',
+      () async {
+        final handler = crearHandler();
+        registrarHandler(handler);
+
+        final item = await handler.getMediaItem('emisora:${emisoraFip.uuid}');
+
+        expect(
+          item,
+          isNotNull,
+          reason:
+              '`porUuid` already falls back to the featured set, so the car '
+              'could BROWSE a featured station and not resolve its media '
+              'item — the asymmetry is the bug',
+        );
+        expect(item?.id, 'emisora:${emisoraFip.uuid}');
+        expect(item?.title, emisoraFip.nombre);
+      },
+    );
+
+    test('un id que no es de emisora sigue devolviendo null', () async {
+      final handler = crearHandler();
+      registrarHandler(handler);
+
+      expect(await handler.getMediaItem('pista:doc-1'), isNull);
+      expect(await handler.getMediaItem('emisora:'), isNull);
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/// Shared script/observation record for every [_ReproductorFalso] the handler
+/// builds (it rebuilds its player on every source change, so counters cannot
+/// live on the instance).
+class _GuionReproductor {
+  int llamadasPlay = 0;
+  int llamadasSetUrl = 0;
+  final urlsSolicitadas = <String>[];
+}
+
+/// An [AudioPlayer] double that reproduces the ONE `just_audio` behaviour
+/// defect A2 is about: `play()` (`just_audio.dart:937-967`) publishes
+/// `playing: true` BEFORE the `_audioSource != null` gate, and with no source
+/// it never touches the platform and never completes the future it returned.
+class _ReproductorFalso extends AudioPlayer {
+  _ReproductorFalso(
+    this._guion,
+    AudioPipeline pipeline,
+    AudioLoadConfiguration carga,
+  ) : super(audioPipeline: pipeline, audioLoadConfiguration: carga);
+
+  final _GuionReproductor _guion;
+  final _estados = StreamController<PlayerState>.broadcast();
+
+  /// A fresh player has no source, exactly like the real one.
+  bool _fuenteCargada = false;
+
+  @override
+  Stream<PlayerState> get playerStateStream => _estados.stream;
+
+  @override
+  Future<Duration?> setUrl(
+    String url, {
+    Map<String, String>? headers,
+    Duration? initialPosition,
+    bool preload = true,
+    dynamic tag,
+  }) async {
+    _guion.llamadasSetUrl++;
+    _guion.urlsSolicitadas.add(url);
+    _fuenteCargada = true;
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> play() {
+    _guion.llamadasPlay++;
+    if (!_estados.isClosed) {
+      _estados.add(
+        PlayerState(
+          true,
+          _fuenteCargada ? ProcessingState.ready : ProcessingState.idle,
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+    // The dangling future: with no source, upstream `play()` awaits a
+    // `_playingSubject` transition the platform will never produce.
+    if (!_fuenteCargada) return Completer<void>().future;
+    return Future<void>.value();
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> pause() async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> stop() async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> setVolume(double volume) async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> dispose() async {
+    await _estados.close();
+  }
+}