diff --git a/lib/app.dart b/lib/app.dart
index c4141ca..b9fa4bd 100644
--- a/lib/app.dart
+++ b/lib/app.dart
@@ -35,6 +35,30 @@ import 'servicios/navegacion_auto.dart';
 import 'servicios/servicio_alarmas_android.dart';
 import 'servicios/servicio_dispositivo_audio.dart';
 
+/// Extracted out of `_PaginaPrincipalState.build` (FIX 1, code review) so
+/// the banner + status-bar-inset composition is unit-testable in isolation
+/// — `_PaginaPrincipal` itself is library-private and constructs real
+/// platform-backed services (see `app_test.dart`'s own comments), so it
+/// cannot be safely widget-tested directly. Mirrors this file's existing
+/// `@visibleForTesting` top-level extraction convention
+/// (`main.dart`'s `orientacionesPara`/`aplicarPoliticaOrientacion`).
+///
+/// `BannerAnuncioSuperior` owns its OWN top `SafeArea` internally now (see
+/// `banner_anuncio_superior.dart`) — this function deliberately does NOT
+/// wrap it in one, since `SafeArea` reserves `MediaQuery.padding.top` even
+/// around a zero-size collapsed child, which used to leave a permanent
+/// blank status-bar-height strip for premium users and for free users
+/// before the first ad finished loading.
+@visibleForTesting
+Widget construirCuerpoPrincipal({required Widget contenido}) {
+  return Column(
+    children: [
+      const BannerAnuncioSuperior(),
+      Expanded(child: SafeArea(top: false, child: contenido)),
+    ],
+  );
+}
+
 class PluriWaveApp extends StatelessWidget {
   const PluriWaveApp({super.key, this.prefs, this.fuenteAuto, this.compras});
 
@@ -256,36 +280,32 @@ class _PaginaPrincipalState extends State<_PaginaPrincipal>
       // (design.md ADR-6): a `Column` sibling, NEVER a `Stack`/overlay — the
       // banner RESERVES its own space above the existing body instead of
       // covering any of it. `BannerAnuncioSuperior` itself collapses to
-      // `SizedBox.shrink()` (zero layout impact) for premium/unloaded.
-      body: Column(
-        children: [
-          const SafeArea(bottom: false, child: BannerAnuncioSuperior()),
-          Expanded(
-            child: SafeArea(
-              top: false,
-              child: AnimatedSwitcher(
-                duration: context.pluriMotion.normal,
-                switchInCurve: Curves.easeOutCubic,
-                switchOutCurve: Curves.easeInCubic,
-                transitionBuilder:
-                    (child, animation) => FadeTransition(
-                      opacity: animation,
-                      child: SlideTransition(
-                        position: Tween<Offset>(
-                          begin: const Offset(0.035, 0),
-                          end: Offset.zero,
-                        ).animate(animation),
-                        child: child,
-                      ),
-                    ),
-                child: KeyedSubtree(
-                  key: ValueKey<int>(indice),
-                  child: _paginas[indice],
+      // `SizedBox.shrink()` (zero layout impact) for premium/unloaded, and
+      // (FIX 1, code review) owns its OWN top `SafeArea` internally — this
+      // level no longer wraps it in an unconditional `SafeArea`, which used
+      // to reserve `MediaQuery.padding.top` even for a zero-size collapsed
+      // child, leaving a permanent blank status-bar-height strip.
+      body: construirCuerpoPrincipal(
+        contenido: AnimatedSwitcher(
+          duration: context.pluriMotion.normal,
+          switchInCurve: Curves.easeOutCubic,
+          switchOutCurve: Curves.easeInCubic,
+          transitionBuilder:
+              (child, animation) => FadeTransition(
+                opacity: animation,
+                child: SlideTransition(
+                  position: Tween<Offset>(
+                    begin: const Offset(0.035, 0),
+                    end: Offset.zero,
+                  ).animate(animation),
+                  child: child,
                 ),
               ),
-            ),
+          child: KeyedSubtree(
+            key: ValueKey<int>(indice),
+            child: _paginas[indice],
           ),
-        ],
+        ),
       ),
       bottomNavigationBar: SafeArea(
         top: false,
diff --git a/lib/estado/estado_entitlement.dart b/lib/estado/estado_entitlement.dart
index 7f2e043..cc1e804 100644
--- a/lib/estado/estado_entitlement.dart
+++ b/lib/estado/estado_entitlement.dart
@@ -30,6 +30,26 @@ Future<bool> esPremiumPersistido({SharedPreferences? prefs}) async {
   return resueltas.getBool(_keyPremium) ?? false;
 }
 
+/// User-facing, non-error-text outcomes [EstadoEntitlement] can expose (FIX
+/// 3, code review): the UI layer (`hoja_premium.dart`) has no BuildContext
+/// here, so this file never carries localized/user-facing STRINGS itself —
+/// only this typed signal, mapped to a localized message by the widget.
+/// Cleared back to `null` once consumed ([EstadoEntitlement.consumirResultadoUsuario]).
+enum ResultadoEntitlementUsuario {
+  /// A purchase or restore attempt failed (network, billing error, product
+  /// not yet available in the store, etc). This NEVER carries the raw
+  /// exception/developer string from [EventoCompra.mensaje] — the UI maps
+  /// this enum value to ONE generic localized message, never the internal
+  /// diagnostic text.
+  error,
+
+  /// [EstadoEntitlement.restaurar] completed successfully but found nothing
+  /// to restore. Distinct from [error]: an expected, non-error outcome
+  /// (Spec "Restore Purchases" — "finds nothing -> stays free tier with a
+  /// clear non-error result").
+  restauracionSinCompras,
+}
+
 /// Cross-cutting entitlement notifier (Design ADR-1), idiomatic
 /// `EstadoIdioma`-shaped `ChangeNotifier`: UI layers `context.watch`/`read`
 /// this; headless callers (Android Auto) use [esPremiumPersistido] instead,
@@ -56,10 +76,24 @@ class EstadoEntitlement extends ChangeNotifier {
 
   bool _esPremium = false;
   bool _compraEnCurso = false;
+  ResultadoEntitlementUsuario? _resultadoUsuario;
 
   bool get esPremium => _esPremium;
   bool get compraEnCurso => _compraEnCurso;
 
+  /// FIX 3 (code review): the user-facing signal for a failed purchase/
+  /// restore, or a restore that found nothing. `null` when there is nothing
+  /// to show — see [consumirResultadoUsuario].
+  ResultadoEntitlementUsuario? get resultadoUsuario => _resultadoUsuario;
+
+  /// Clears [resultadoUsuario] once the UI has consumed/displayed it.
+  /// A no-op (no extra notification) if there is nothing to clear.
+  void consumirResultadoUsuario() {
+    if (_resultadoUsuario == null) return;
+    _resultadoUsuario = null;
+    notifyListeners();
+  }
+
   Future<void> _cargar() async {
     final prefs = await _resolverPrefs();
     final premium = prefs.getBool(_keyPremium) ?? false;
@@ -80,6 +114,10 @@ class EstadoEntitlement extends ChangeNotifier {
     final compras = _compras;
     if (compras == null) return;
     _compraEnCurso = true;
+    // FIX 3 (code review): a fresh attempt clears any stale result left over
+    // from a previous failed attempt, so the UI never shows an outdated
+    // error/confirmation across two unrelated attempts.
+    _resultadoUsuario = null;
     notifyListeners();
     await compras.comprar();
   }
@@ -89,6 +127,7 @@ class EstadoEntitlement extends ChangeNotifier {
     final compras = _compras;
     if (compras == null) return;
     _compraEnCurso = true;
+    _resultadoUsuario = null;
     notifyListeners();
     await compras.restaurar();
   }
@@ -99,17 +138,31 @@ class EstadoEntitlement extends ChangeNotifier {
       case TipoEventoCompra.restaurada:
         await _desbloquear();
       case TipoEventoCompra.cancelada:
-      case TipoEventoCompra.noEncontrada:
-        // Spec "Purchase cancelled or failed" / "Restore finds nothing":
-        // stays free tier, no error surfaced — just stop the in-flight
-        // spinner.
+        // Spec "Purchase cancelled or failed": a user-INITIATED cancel
+        // stays free tier with no error surfaced — just stop the in-flight
+        // spinner. Not a failure, so no [resultadoUsuario] either.
         _compraEnCurso = false;
         notifyListeners();
+      case TipoEventoCompra.noEncontrada:
+        // FIX 3 (code review): "Restore finds nothing" is an expected,
+        // NON-error outcome (Spec "Restore Purchases") but `hoja_premium.dart`
+        // had zero feedback for it — the spinner just stopped with no
+        // confirmation. Distinct signal from [TipoEventoCompra.error].
+        _compraEnCurso = false;
+        _resultadoUsuario = ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.restauracionSinCompras;
+        notifyListeners();
       case TipoEventoCompra.error:
         // Fail-open (Design ADR-2): an error NEVER writes `false` over an
         // already-premium flag, and never invents a `true` for a free user
         // either — the persisted flag from `_cargar()` is left untouched.
+        //
+        // FIX 3 (code review): [EventoCompra.mensaje] (raw exception/
+        // developer text, e.g. "Producto no encontrado en Play Console") is
+        // DELIBERATELY discarded here — only the typed enum crosses into
+        // [resultadoUsuario], never the raw string. `hoja_premium.dart` maps
+        // it to ONE generic localized message.
         _compraEnCurso = false;
+        _resultadoUsuario = ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.error;
         notifyListeners();
       case TipoEventoCompra.pendiente:
         _compraEnCurso = true;
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_ar.arb b/lib/l10n/app_ar.arb
index c7205d2..47e952b 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_ar.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_ar.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "ميزة مميزة",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "لقد وصلت إلى الحد المجاني وهو 5 منبهات.",
   "desbloquearPremium": "فتح النسخة المميزة",
-  "restaurarCompras": "استعادة المشتريات"
+  "restaurarCompras": "استعادة المشتريات",
+  "compraError": "تعذّر إتمام عملية الشراء. حاول مرة أخرى.",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "لم نجد أي عملية شراء سابقة في هذا الحساب.",
+  "premiumActivo": "النسخة المميزة مفعّلة"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_bn.arb b/lib/l10n/app_bn.arb
index fdfd695..ac9312a 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_bn.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_bn.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "প্রিমিয়াম বৈশিষ্ট্য",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "আপনি বিনামূল্যে ৫টি অ্যালার্মের সীমায় পৌঁছেছেন।",
   "desbloquearPremium": "প্রিমিয়াম আনলক করুন",
-  "restaurarCompras": "কেনাকাটা পুনরুদ্ধার করুন"
+  "restaurarCompras": "কেনাকাটা পুনরুদ্ধার করুন",
+  "compraError": "কেনাকাটা সম্পূর্ণ করা যায়নি। আবার চেষ্টা করুন।",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "এই অ্যাকাউন্টে আমরা আগের কোনো কেনাকাটা খুঁজে পাইনি।",
+  "premiumActivo": "প্রিমিয়াম সক্রিয়"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_de.arb b/lib/l10n/app_de.arb
index b163332..55432d7 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_de.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_de.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "Premium-Funktion",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "Du hast das kostenlose Limit von 5 Weckern erreicht.",
   "desbloquearPremium": "Premium freischalten",
-  "restaurarCompras": "Käufe wiederherstellen"
+  "restaurarCompras": "Käufe wiederherstellen",
+  "compraError": "Der Kauf konnte nicht abgeschlossen werden. Bitte versuche es erneut.",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "Wir haben auf diesem Konto keinen früheren Kauf gefunden.",
+  "premiumActivo": "Premium aktiv"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_en.arb b/lib/l10n/app_en.arb
index cd62474..19f7e7d 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_en.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_en.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "Premium Feature",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "You've reached the free 5-alarm limit.",
   "desbloquearPremium": "Unlock Premium",
-  "restaurarCompras": "Restore purchases"
+  "restaurarCompras": "Restore purchases",
+  "compraError": "We couldn't complete the purchase. Please try again.",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "We didn't find any previous purchase on this account.",
+  "premiumActivo": "Premium active"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_es.arb b/lib/l10n/app_es.arb
index 68a946d..b9805cf 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_es.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_es.arb
@@ -860,5 +860,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "Función Premium",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "Has alcanzado el límite de 5 alarmas gratuitas.",
   "desbloquearPremium": "Desbloquear Premium",
-  "restaurarCompras": "Restaurar compras"
+  "restaurarCompras": "Restaurar compras",
+  "compraError": "No se ha podido completar la compra. Inténtalo de nuevo.",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "No hemos encontrado ninguna compra anterior en esta cuenta.",
+  "premiumActivo": "Premium activo"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_fr.arb b/lib/l10n/app_fr.arb
index 20c096d..0350120 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_fr.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_fr.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "Fonctionnalité Premium",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "Vous avez atteint la limite gratuite de 5 alarmes.",
   "desbloquearPremium": "Débloquer Premium",
-  "restaurarCompras": "Restaurer les achats"
+  "restaurarCompras": "Restaurer les achats",
+  "compraError": "Impossible de finaliser l'achat. Veuillez réessayer.",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "Nous n'avons trouvé aucun achat antérieur sur ce compte.",
+  "premiumActivo": "Premium actif"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_hi.arb b/lib/l10n/app_hi.arb
index f012e90..022c0ca 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_hi.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_hi.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "प्रीमियम सुविधा",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "आप मुफ़्त 5 अलार्म की सीमा तक पहुँच गए हैं।",
   "desbloquearPremium": "प्रीमियम अनलॉक करें",
-  "restaurarCompras": "खरीदारी पुनर्स्थापित करें"
+  "restaurarCompras": "खरीदारी पुनर्स्थापित करें",
+  "compraError": "खरीद पूरी नहीं हो सकी। कृपया फिर से प्रयास करें।",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "इस खाते में हमें कोई पिछली खरीद नहीं मिली।",
+  "premiumActivo": "प्रीमियम सक्रिय"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_id.arb b/lib/l10n/app_id.arb
index 5249e3e..0cd5ee3 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_id.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_id.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "Fitur Premium",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "Anda telah mencapai batas gratis 5 alarm.",
   "desbloquearPremium": "Buka Premium",
-  "restaurarCompras": "Pulihkan pembelian"
+  "restaurarCompras": "Pulihkan pembelian",
+  "compraError": "Pembelian tidak dapat diselesaikan. Silakan coba lagi.",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "Kami tidak menemukan pembelian sebelumnya di akun ini.",
+  "premiumActivo": "Premium aktif"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_it.arb b/lib/l10n/app_it.arb
index c39c322..e71c341 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_it.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_it.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "Funzione Premium",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "Hai raggiunto il limite gratuito di 5 sveglie.",
   "desbloquearPremium": "Sblocca Premium",
-  "restaurarCompras": "Ripristina acquisti"
+  "restaurarCompras": "Ripristina acquisti",
+  "compraError": "Non è stato possibile completare l'acquisto. Riprova.",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "Non abbiamo trovato acquisti precedenti su questo account.",
+  "premiumActivo": "Premium attivo"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb b/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb
index 8e11f79..da8fa0e 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "プレミアム機能",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "無料プランのアラーム上限（5件）に達しました。",
   "desbloquearPremium": "プレミアムを解除",
-  "restaurarCompras": "購入を復元"
+  "restaurarCompras": "購入を復元",
+  "compraError": "購入を完了できませんでした。もう一度お試しください。",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "このアカウントでは以前の購入が見つかりませんでした。",
+  "premiumActivo": "プレミアム有効"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_pt.arb b/lib/l10n/app_pt.arb
index dc656fd..df0a5b3 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_pt.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_pt.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "Recurso Premium",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "Você atingiu o limite gratuito de 5 alarmes.",
   "desbloquearPremium": "Desbloquear Premium",
-  "restaurarCompras": "Restaurar compras"
+  "restaurarCompras": "Restaurar compras",
+  "compraError": "Não foi possível concluir a compra. Tente novamente.",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "Não encontramos nenhuma compra anterior nesta conta.",
+  "premiumActivo": "Premium ativo"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_ru.arb b/lib/l10n/app_ru.arb
index 97853b3..f11ede4 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_ru.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_ru.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "Премиум-функция",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "Вы достигли бесплатного лимита в 5 будильников.",
   "desbloquearPremium": "Разблокировать Премиум",
-  "restaurarCompras": "Восстановить покупки"
+  "restaurarCompras": "Восстановить покупки",
+  "compraError": "Не удалось завершить покупку. Попробуйте ещё раз.",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "Мы не нашли предыдущих покупок на этом аккаунте.",
+  "premiumActivo": "Премиум активен"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb b/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb
index a616371..2d48b57 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb
@@ -901,5 +901,8 @@
   "funcionPremium": "高级功能",
   "limiteAlarmasAlcanzado": "您已达到免费版 5 个闹钟的上限。",
   "desbloquearPremium": "解锁高级版",
-  "restaurarCompras": "恢复购买"
+  "restaurarCompras": "恢复购买",
+  "compraError": "无法完成购买，请重试。",
+  "restauracionSinCompras": "未在此账户中找到以前的购买记录。",
+  "premiumActivo": "高级版已解锁"
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart
index 7a58b48..6be60e2 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart
@@ -3349,6 +3349,24 @@ abstract class AppLocalizations {
   /// In es, this message translates to:
   /// **'Restaurar compras'**
   String get restaurarCompras;
+
+  /// No description provided for @compraError.
+  ///
+  /// In es, this message translates to:
+  /// **'No se ha podido completar la compra. Inténtalo de nuevo.'**
+  String get compraError;
+
+  /// No description provided for @restauracionSinCompras.
+  ///
+  /// In es, this message translates to:
+  /// **'No hemos encontrado ninguna compra anterior en esta cuenta.'**
+  String get restauracionSinCompras;
+
+  /// No description provided for @premiumActivo.
+  ///
+  /// In es, this message translates to:
+  /// **'Premium activo'**
+  String get premiumActivo;
 }
 
 class _AppLocalizationsDelegate
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ar.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ar.dart
index e25ec25..e2b0952 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ar.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ar.dart
@@ -1853,4 +1853,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsAr extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'استعادة المشتريات';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError => 'تعذّر إتمام عملية الشراء. حاول مرة أخرى.';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'لم نجد أي عملية شراء سابقة في هذا الحساب.';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'النسخة المميزة مفعّلة';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_bn.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_bn.dart
index 1384b8a..dffb7b5 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_bn.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_bn.dart
@@ -1864,4 +1864,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsBn extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'কেনাকাটা পুনরুদ্ধার করুন';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError => 'কেনাকাটা সম্পূর্ণ করা যায়নি। আবার চেষ্টা করুন।';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'এই অ্যাকাউন্টে আমরা আগের কোনো কেনাকাটা খুঁজে পাইনি।';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'প্রিমিয়াম সক্রিয়';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_de.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_de.dart
index 0343106..771a63d 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_de.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_de.dart
@@ -1877,4 +1877,15 @@ class AppLocalizationsDe extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'Käufe wiederherstellen';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError =>
+      'Der Kauf konnte nicht abgeschlossen werden. Bitte versuche es erneut.';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'Wir haben auf diesem Konto keinen früheren Kauf gefunden.';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'Premium aktiv';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart
index ffb473a..e0e278c 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart
@@ -1856,4 +1856,15 @@ class AppLocalizationsEn extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'Restore purchases';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError =>
+      'We couldn\'t complete the purchase. Please try again.';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'We didn\'t find any previous purchase on this account.';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'Premium active';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_es.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_es.dart
index 92a7822..81b57e5 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_es.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_es.dart
@@ -1870,4 +1870,15 @@ class AppLocalizationsEs extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'Restaurar compras';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError =>
+      'No se ha podido completar la compra. Inténtalo de nuevo.';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'No hemos encontrado ninguna compra anterior en esta cuenta.';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'Premium activo';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fr.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fr.dart
index fbb3fda..3bcfd4c 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fr.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fr.dart
@@ -1883,4 +1883,15 @@ class AppLocalizationsFr extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'Restaurer les achats';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError =>
+      'Impossible de finaliser l\'achat. Veuillez réessayer.';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'Nous n\'avons trouvé aucun achat antérieur sur ce compte.';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'Premium actif';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_hi.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_hi.dart
index 3a99156..c2d7c44 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_hi.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_hi.dart
@@ -1857,4 +1857,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsHi extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'खरीदारी पुनर्स्थापित करें';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError => 'खरीद पूरी नहीं हो सकी। कृपया फिर से प्रयास करें।';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'इस खाते में हमें कोई पिछली खरीद नहीं मिली।';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'प्रीमियम सक्रिय';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart
index 1a9fb0b..08dbd8b 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart
@@ -1867,4 +1867,15 @@ class AppLocalizationsId extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'Pulihkan pembelian';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError =>
+      'Pembelian tidak dapat diselesaikan. Silakan coba lagi.';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'Kami tidak menemukan pembelian sebelumnya di akun ini.';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'Premium aktif';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_it.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_it.dart
index 5ff3ff5..280c271 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_it.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_it.dart
@@ -1880,4 +1880,15 @@ class AppLocalizationsIt extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'Ripristina acquisti';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError =>
+      'Non è stato possibile completare l\'acquisto. Riprova.';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'Non abbiamo trovato acquisti precedenti su questo account.';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'Premium attivo';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart
index 297305c..9e3b48a 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart
@@ -1803,4 +1803,13 @@ class AppLocalizationsJa extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => '購入を復元';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError => '購入を完了できませんでした。もう一度お試しください。';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras => 'このアカウントでは以前の購入が見つかりませんでした。';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'プレミアム有効';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_pt.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_pt.dart
index 7e6039a..77af60d 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_pt.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_pt.dart
@@ -1867,4 +1867,15 @@ class AppLocalizationsPt extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'Restaurar compras';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError =>
+      'Não foi possível concluir a compra. Tente novamente.';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'Não encontramos nenhuma compra anterior nesta conta.';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'Premium ativo';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ru.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ru.dart
index 27d82c0..e30d9a6 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ru.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ru.dart
@@ -1874,4 +1874,14 @@ class AppLocalizationsRu extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => 'Восстановить покупки';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError => 'Не удалось завершить покупку. Попробуйте ещё раз.';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras =>
+      'Мы не нашли предыдущих покупок на этом аккаунте.';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => 'Премиум активен';
 }
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart
index e77ae59..8c15f6d 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart
@@ -1788,4 +1788,13 @@ class AppLocalizationsZh extends AppLocalizations {
 
   @override
   String get restaurarCompras => '恢复购买';
+
+  @override
+  String get compraError => '无法完成购买，请重试。';
+
+  @override
+  String get restauracionSinCompras => '未在此账户中找到以前的购买记录。';
+
+  @override
+  String get premiumActivo => '高级版已解锁';
 }
diff --git a/lib/main.dart b/lib/main.dart
index 6cd8b4d..ca1f338 100644
--- a/lib/main.dart
+++ b/lib/main.dart
@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@ import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 import 'package:google_mobile_ads/google_mobile_ads.dart';
 import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
 import 'app.dart';
+import 'estado/estado_entitlement.dart';
 import 'servicios/arranque_audio.dart';
 import 'servicios/musica_local_auto.dart';
 import 'servicios/navegacion_auto.dart';
 import 'servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
 import 'servicios/servicio_audio_session.dart';
 import 'servicios/servicio_compras.dart';
+import 'servicios/servicio_consentimiento.dart';
 import 'servicios/servicio_presets_personalizados.dart';
 import 'tema/pluriwave_tokens.dart';
 
@@ -110,7 +112,31 @@ Future<void> main() async {
   // stream subscription and an ad-SDK warm-up are both safe to finish late
   // (mirrors `aplicarPoliticaOrientacion`'s "cosmetic, never gates startup"
   // rule immediately above).
-  unawaited(MobileAds.instance.initialize());
+  //
+  // FIX 4 (code review): the Mobile Ads SDK is only initialized AFTER the
+  // GDPR/UMP consent flow resolves that ads may actually be requested
+  // (`ConsentInformation.canRequestAds()`) — serving personalized ads to
+  // EEA/UK users with no CMP violates Google's EU User Consent Policy.
+  // Premium users never even reach the consent form (`resolverConsentimientoAnuncios`
+  // short-circuits for them — they get zero ads regardless). This whole
+  // chain is deliberately `unawaited`: consent/ads are exactly as
+  // "cosmetic, never gates startup" as `aplicarPoliticaOrientacion` above,
+  // and any failure inside it degrades to "no ads", never a crash or a
+  // blocked UI.
+  unawaited(
+    esPremiumPersistido()
+        .then(
+          (premium) => resolverConsentimientoAnuncios(
+            esPremium: premium,
+            consentimiento: ServicioConsentimientoUmp(),
+          ),
+        )
+        .then((puedeSolicitarAnuncios) async {
+          if (puedeSolicitarAnuncios) {
+            await MobileAds.instance.initialize();
+          }
+        }),
+  );
   final compras = ServicioComprasPlayBilling();
 
   // S3-R4: single SharedPreferences instance resolved once at startup and
diff --git a/lib/servicios/servicio_anuncios.dart b/lib/servicios/servicio_anuncios.dart
index b65b47e..f5d9fdf 100644
--- a/lib/servicios/servicio_anuncios.dart
+++ b/lib/servicios/servicio_anuncios.dart
@@ -18,12 +18,10 @@ const _interstitialAdUnitIdReal = 'ca-app-pub-6038935671414339/4189478248';
 /// Real id in release builds only; test id everywhere else (debug/profile,
 /// including internal-testing-track builds run via `flutter run --release`
 /// on a personal device — see the "never tap your own ads" note above).
-const bannerAdUnitId = kReleaseMode
-    ? _bannerAdUnitIdReal
-    : bannerAdUnitIdPrueba;
-const interstitialAdUnitId = kReleaseMode
-    ? _interstitialAdUnitIdReal
-    : interstitialAdUnitIdPrueba;
+const bannerAdUnitId =
+    kReleaseMode ? _bannerAdUnitIdReal : bannerAdUnitIdPrueba;
+const interstitialAdUnitId =
+    kReleaseMode ? _interstitialAdUnitIdReal : interstitialAdUnitIdPrueba;
 
 /// Ads port + AdMob adapter (Design "Interfaces / Contracts", ADR-6): owns
 /// the entitlement gate for both surfaces, the interstitial's session
@@ -34,13 +32,16 @@ const interstitialAdUnitId = kReleaseMode
 /// and zero AdMob platform channels (Design Testing Strategy).
 class ServicioAnuncios {
   ServicioAnuncios({
-    bool Function()? esPremium,
+    required bool Function() esPremium,
     DateTime Function()? ahora,
     Future<bool> Function()? mostrarInterstitialImpl,
-  }) : _esPremium = esPremium ?? (() => false),
+    Duration? timeoutIntentoInterstitial,
+  }) : _esPremium = esPremium,
        _ahora = ahora ?? DateTime.now,
        _mostrarInterstitialImpl =
-           mostrarInterstitialImpl ?? _mostrarInterstitialAdMob;
+           mostrarInterstitialImpl ?? _mostrarInterstitialAdMob,
+       _timeoutIntentoInterstitial =
+           timeoutIntentoInterstitial ?? timeoutIntentoInterstitialPorDefecto;
 
   /// Session-scoped cap (ad-display spec "Interstitial Frequency Cap"): at
   /// most 2 interstitials per process lifetime.
@@ -50,9 +51,32 @@ class ServicioAnuncios {
   /// requirement).
   static const separacionMinima = Duration(minutes: 3);
 
+  /// FIX 2 (code review): bounds `InterstitialAd.load`'s callback wait
+  /// inside [_mostrarInterstitialAdMob] so a load callback that never fires
+  /// cannot hang a caller — every call site (`pantalla_alarmas.dart`,
+  /// `pantalla_favoritos.dart`,
+  /// `ajustes/pantalla_ajustes_emisoras_personalizadas.dart`) `await`s
+  /// [intentarInterstitial] before opening its form.
+  static const timeoutCargaInterstitialPorDefecto = Duration(seconds: 5);
+
+  /// FIX 2 (code review): bounds the wait for the ad to actually PRESENT
+  /// (`onAdShowedFullScreenContent`) or fail
+  /// (`onAdFailedToShowFullScreenContent`) after `show()`. This method
+  /// deliberately never waits for the ad to be DISMISSED — the caller is
+  /// not blocked on ad dismissal at all, only on the ad actually rendering.
+  static const timeoutPresentacionInterstitialPorDefecto = Duration(seconds: 5);
+
+  /// FIX 2 (code review): the overall bound applied around the INJECTED
+  /// [_mostrarInterstitialImpl] itself (production default: the sum of the
+  /// two timeouts above, plus headroom) — so ANY implementation, including
+  /// a future bug in an injected fake or a different ad SDK, can never hang
+  /// a caller indefinitely. Injectable so tests can use a short value.
+  static const timeoutIntentoInterstitialPorDefecto = Duration(seconds: 15);
+
   final bool Function() _esPremium;
   final DateTime Function() _ahora;
   final Future<bool> Function() _mostrarInterstitialImpl;
+  final Duration _timeoutIntentoInterstitial;
 
   int _mostrados = 0;
   DateTime? _ultimoMostrado;
@@ -83,7 +107,14 @@ class ServicioAnuncios {
   /// interruptions, not load attempts).
   Future<bool> intentarInterstitial() async {
     if (!_dentroDelCap()) return false;
-    final mostrado = await _mostrarInterstitialImpl();
+    // FIX 2 (code review): bound the injected implementation itself — no
+    // caller may ever await this indefinitely, regardless of what
+    // [_mostrarInterstitialImpl] does internally. A timeout is treated
+    // exactly like "no ad shown": `false`, cap not consumed.
+    final mostrado = await _mostrarInterstitialImpl().timeout(
+      _timeoutIntentoInterstitial,
+      onTimeout: () => false,
+    );
     if (mostrado) {
       _mostrados++;
       _ultimoMostrado = _ahora();
@@ -94,11 +125,20 @@ class ServicioAnuncios {
   static Future<bool> _mostrarInterstitialAdMob() async {
     try {
       final cargaCompleter = Completer<InterstitialAd?>();
+      // FIX 2 (code review): a load callback that never fires used to hang
+      // this await forever. `expiradoCarga` guards a LATE callback that
+      // still arrives after the timeout — the ad is disposed instead of
+      // leaked, and never completes the already-abandoned completer.
+      var expiradoCarga = false;
       await InterstitialAd.load(
         adUnitId: interstitialAdUnitId,
         request: const AdRequest(),
         adLoadCallback: InterstitialAdLoadCallback(
           onAdLoaded: (ad) {
+            if (expiradoCarga) {
+              ad.dispose();
+              return;
+            }
             if (!cargaCompleter.isCompleted) cargaCompleter.complete(ad);
           },
           onAdFailedToLoad: (error) {
@@ -107,23 +147,60 @@ class ServicioAnuncios {
           },
         ),
       );
-      final cargado = await cargaCompleter.future;
+      final InterstitialAd? cargado;
+      try {
+        cargado = await cargaCompleter.future.timeout(
+          timeoutCargaInterstitialPorDefecto,
+        );
+      } on TimeoutException {
+        expiradoCarga = true;
+        return false;
+      }
       if (cargado == null) return false;
 
-      final cierreCompleter = Completer<void>();
+      // FIX 6 (code review): only a genuinely PRESENTED ad may consume the
+      // session cap. `onAdFailedToShowFullScreenContent` used to complete
+      // the same completer as a real dismissal and the method returned
+      // `true` unconditionally — a failed-to-show ad silently burned one of
+      // only 2 session slots.
+      //
+      // FIX 2 (code review): this method no longer waits for the ad to be
+      // DISMISSED at all — only for it to PRESENT or fail to present — and
+      // that wait is itself bounded, so a `fullScreenContentCallback` that
+      // never fires cannot hang the caller either. `expiradoPresentacion`
+      // guards a late callback the same way `expiradoCarga` does above.
+      var expiradoPresentacion = false;
+      final presentacionCompleter = Completer<bool>();
       cargado.fullScreenContentCallback = FullScreenContentCallback(
+        onAdShowedFullScreenContent: (ad) {
+          if (!presentacionCompleter.isCompleted) {
+            presentacionCompleter.complete(true);
+          }
+        },
         onAdDismissedFullScreenContent: (ad) {
           ad.dispose();
-          if (!cierreCompleter.isCompleted) cierreCompleter.complete();
         },
         onAdFailedToShowFullScreenContent: (ad, error) {
+          if (expiradoPresentacion) {
+            ad.dispose();
+            return;
+          }
           ad.dispose();
-          if (!cierreCompleter.isCompleted) cierreCompleter.complete();
+          if (!presentacionCompleter.isCompleted) {
+            presentacionCompleter.complete(false);
+          }
         },
       );
       await cargado.show();
-      await cierreCompleter.future;
-      return true;
+      try {
+        return await presentacionCompleter.future.timeout(
+          timeoutPresentacionInterstitialPorDefecto,
+        );
+      } on TimeoutException {
+        expiradoPresentacion = true;
+        await cargado.dispose();
+        return false;
+      }
     } catch (e) {
       debugPrint('[PluriWave][anuncios] interstitial ERROR $e');
       return false;
diff --git a/lib/servicios/servicio_consentimiento.dart b/lib/servicios/servicio_consentimiento.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a79c049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/servicios/servicio_consentimiento.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show debugPrint;
+import 'package:google_mobile_ads/google_mobile_ads.dart';
+
+/// GDPR/UMP consent I/O abstraction (FIX 4, code review): every other file
+/// depends on this port, never on the `google_mobile_ads` UMP classes
+/// (`ConsentInformation`, `ConsentForm`) directly — matches
+/// `PuertoCompras`'s injection shape, and keeps this testable with zero
+/// AdMob/UMP platform channels in unit tests.
+abstract class PuertoConsentimiento {
+  /// Requests consent info, loads-and-shows the consent form if required,
+  /// and resolves whether ads may be requested afterwards
+  /// (`ConsentInformation.canRequestAds()`). Implementations must NEVER
+  /// throw — any underlying failure degrades to `false` (no ads served),
+  /// never crashes or blocks the caller.
+  Future<bool> resolver();
+}
+
+/// The SOLE UMP call site (FIX 4) — every other file depends on
+/// [PuertoConsentimiento] instead.
+class ServicioConsentimientoUmp implements PuertoConsentimiento {
+  ServicioConsentimientoUmp({
+    ConsentRequestParameters? parametros,
+    Duration? timeoutActualizacion,
+  }) : _parametros = parametros ?? ConsentRequestParameters(),
+       _timeoutActualizacion =
+           timeoutActualizacion ?? const Duration(seconds: 10);
+
+  final ConsentRequestParameters _parametros;
+  final Duration _timeoutActualizacion;
+
+  @override
+  Future<bool> resolver() async {
+    try {
+      // 1. Request an up-to-date consent status. FIX 2's lesson applies
+      // here too: bound the callback-based wait so a callback that never
+      // fires cannot hang startup.
+      final actualizacionCompleter = Completer<void>();
+      ConsentInformation.instance.requestConsentInfoUpdate(
+        _parametros,
+        () {
+          if (!actualizacionCompleter.isCompleted) {
+            actualizacionCompleter.complete();
+          }
+        },
+        (error) {
+          debugPrint(
+            '[PluriWave][consentimiento] requestConsentInfoUpdate ERROR '
+            '${error.message}',
+          );
+          if (!actualizacionCompleter.isCompleted) {
+            actualizacionCompleter.complete();
+          }
+        },
+      );
+      await actualizacionCompleter.future.timeout(
+        _timeoutActualizacion,
+        onTimeout: () {},
+      );
+
+      // 2. Load-and-show the consent form ONLY IF the UMP SDK itself
+      // determines it is required (EEA/UK traffic, no prior valid
+      // consent) — this single call is a no-op everywhere else.
+      await ConsentForm.loadAndShowConsentFormIfRequired((formError) {
+        if (formError != null) {
+          debugPrint(
+            '[PluriWave][consentimiento] '
+            'loadAndShowConsentFormIfRequired ERROR ${formError.message}',
+          );
+        }
+      });
+
+      // 3. The only gate that matters for the caller: may ads be
+      // requested at all right now?
+      return await ConsentInformation.instance.canRequestAds();
+    } catch (e) {
+      debugPrint('[PluriWave][consentimiento] ERROR $e');
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/// Orchestrates the whole gate (FIX 4): premium users NEVER see a consent
+/// form at all — they get zero ads regardless of consent — so
+/// [PuertoConsentimiento] is never even touched for them. Free-tier users
+/// get the real flow, with any failure degrading silently to "ads not
+/// allowed" rather than crashing or blocking `main()`.
+Future<bool> resolverConsentimientoAnuncios({
+  required bool esPremium,
+  required PuertoConsentimiento consentimiento,
+}) async {
+  if (esPremium) return false;
+  try {
+    return await consentimiento.resolver();
+  } catch (e) {
+    // Defense in depth: [PuertoConsentimiento.resolver] is documented to
+    // never throw, but a caller-provided implementation (fake or future
+    // adapter) failing to honor that contract still may not crash or block
+    // `main()`.
+    debugPrint(
+      '[PluriWave][consentimiento] resolverConsentimientoAnuncios ERROR $e',
+    );
+    return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/widgets/banner_anuncio_superior.dart b/lib/widgets/banner_anuncio_superior.dart
index 142b231..f5e9b93 100644
--- a/lib/widgets/banner_anuncio_superior.dart
+++ b/lib/widgets/banner_anuncio_superior.dart
@@ -14,7 +14,14 @@ import '../servicios/servicio_anuncios.dart';
 /// body (`app.dart`'s `_PaginaPrincipalState.build`) — this widget itself
 /// never wraps its parent in a `Stack`/overlay.
 class BannerAnuncioSuperior extends StatefulWidget {
-  const BannerAnuncioSuperior({super.key});
+  const BannerAnuncioSuperior({super.key, this.alIntentarCargar});
+
+  /// Test-only hook (FIX 7, code review): fires exactly once per REAL load
+  /// ATTEMPT (`BannerAd(...).load()` call), independent of the load's
+  /// eventual outcome — lets a widget test count load attempts without a
+  /// real AdMob platform channel. Always `null` in production.
+  @visibleForTesting
+  final VoidCallback? alIntentarCargar;
 
   @override
   State<BannerAnuncioSuperior> createState() => _BannerAnuncioSuperiorState();
@@ -24,16 +31,34 @@ class _BannerAnuncioSuperiorState extends State<BannerAnuncioSuperior> {
   BannerAd? _bannerAd;
   bool _cargado = false;
 
+  /// FIX 7 (code review): explicit "load already attempted" flag. Before
+  /// this, the guard was `_bannerAd == null`, which stays `null` until a
+  /// load actually SUCCEEDS — so every `notifyListeners()` from ANY
+  /// provider this widget watches (`EstadoEntitlement` during a
+  /// purchase/restore in progress) plus theme/locale/`MediaQuery` changes
+  /// re-ran `didChangeDependencies` and spawned ANOTHER `BannerAd` +
+  /// `load()` call. Only the LAST loaded ad was ever disposed, leaking
+  /// every in-flight duplicate before it.
+  ///
+  /// Retry policy (documented decision): a FAILED load is never retried
+  /// automatically — this flag is set once and never reset. Retrying on
+  /// every rebuild is exactly the bug this flag fixes; the next natural
+  /// retry opportunity is a fresh app session, which is an adequate cadence
+  /// for a non-critical, collapse-to-nothing UI element.
+  bool _cargaIntentada = false;
+
   @override
   void didChangeDependencies() {
     super.didChangeDependencies();
     final servicio = context.read<ServicioAnuncios>();
-    if (_bannerAd == null && servicio.debeMostrarBanner) {
+    if (!_cargaIntentada && servicio.debeMostrarBanner) {
+      _cargaIntentada = true;
       _cargarBanner();
     }
   }
 
   void _cargarBanner() {
+    widget.alIntentarCargar?.call();
     // Fire-and-forget: a failure (no plugin channel in `flutter test`, no
     // fill, offline) leaves `_bannerAd` `null` forever, which keeps this
     // widget collapsed — exactly the same degrade-to-shrink path a genuine
@@ -76,10 +101,22 @@ class _BannerAnuncioSuperiorState extends State<BannerAnuncioSuperior> {
     // transition is dropped, never shown to a now-premium user.
     if (!_cargado || _bannerAd == null) return const SizedBox.shrink();
     final ad = _bannerAd!;
-    return SizedBox(
-      width: ad.size.width.toDouble(),
-      height: ad.size.height.toDouble(),
-      child: AdWidget(ad: ad),
+    // FIX 1 (code review): the top-inset `SafeArea` now lives HERE, applied
+    // ONLY when an ad is actually about to render. `SafeArea` reserves
+    // `MediaQuery.padding.top` regardless of its child's own size — even a
+    // zero-size `SizedBox.shrink()` child — so the OLD unconditional
+    // `app.dart`-level `SafeArea(bottom: false, child: BannerAnuncioSuperior())`
+    // wrapper left a permanent blank status-bar-height strip both for
+    // premium users and for free users before the first ad finished
+    // loading. Collapsing (the two early returns above) now returns a
+    // TRULY zero-height widget, including no reserved padding.
+    return SafeArea(
+      bottom: false,
+      child: SizedBox(
+        width: ad.size.width.toDouble(),
+        height: ad.size.height.toDouble(),
+        child: AdWidget(ad: ad),
+      ),
     );
   }
 }
diff --git a/lib/widgets/hoja_premium.dart b/lib/widgets/hoja_premium.dart
index 6ef5573..3c9b585 100644
--- a/lib/widgets/hoja_premium.dart
+++ b/lib/widgets/hoja_premium.dart
@@ -62,12 +62,58 @@ class HojaPremium extends StatelessWidget {
               ],
             ),
             const SizedBox(height: 20),
+            // FIX 3 (code review): user-facing feedback for a failed
+            // purchase/restore, or a restore that found nothing — before
+            // this, `resultadoUsuario` had ZERO UI, so the spinner just
+            // stopped with no feedback at all. Never the raw
+            // `EventoCompra.mensaje` developer string — always the mapped,
+            // generic localized message.
+            if (entitlement.resultadoUsuario != null)
+              Padding(
+                key: const ValueKey('hoja-premium-resultado'),
+                padding: const EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 12),
+                child: Row(
+                  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
+                  children: [
+                    Icon(
+                      entitlement.resultadoUsuario ==
+                              ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.error
+                          ? Icons.error_outline_rounded
+                          : Icons.info_outline_rounded,
+                      size: 18,
+                      color:
+                          entitlement.resultadoUsuario ==
+                                  ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.error
+                              ? Theme.of(context).colorScheme.error
+                              : Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyMedium?.color,
+                    ),
+                    const SizedBox(width: 8),
+                    Expanded(
+                      child: Text(
+                        entitlement.resultadoUsuario ==
+                                ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.error
+                            ? l10n.compraError
+                            : l10n.restauracionSinCompras,
+                        style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyMedium,
+                      ),
+                    ),
+                    IconButton(
+                      key: const ValueKey('hoja-premium-resultado-descartar'),
+                      icon: const Icon(Icons.close_rounded, size: 18),
+                      onPressed: () => entitlement.consumirResultadoUsuario(),
+                      padding: EdgeInsets.zero,
+                      constraints: const BoxConstraints(),
+                      visualDensity: VisualDensity.compact,
+                    ),
+                  ],
+                ),
+              ),
             if (entitlement.esPremium)
               Padding(
                 key: const ValueKey('hoja-premium-activo'),
                 padding: const EdgeInsets.only(bottom: 12),
                 child: Text(
-                  l10n.equalizerActive,
+                  l10n.premiumActivo,
                   style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyMedium,
                 ),
               )
diff --git a/test/app_test.dart b/test/app_test.dart
index 31d5150..c3bc762 100644
--- a/test/app_test.dart
+++ b/test/app_test.dart
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 import 'dart:io';
 
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/app.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/estado/estado_entitlement.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_anuncios.dart';
+import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
+import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
 
 /// S1 (Tier 1 visual fidelity): the prototype (`t4`) never draws a global
 /// `AppBar` — every root owns its own 56px title row instead (see
@@ -69,4 +75,64 @@ void main() {
       reason: 'the tutorial carousel must run before the what-is-new dialog',
     );
   });
+
+  group(
+    'construirCuerpoPrincipal — banner y la status bar (FIX 1, code review)',
+    () {
+      setUp(() {
+        SharedPreferences.setMockInitialValues({});
+      });
+
+      Future<void> bombear(WidgetTester tester, {required bool premium}) async {
+        await tester.pumpWidget(
+          MediaQuery(
+            data: const MediaQueryData(padding: EdgeInsets.only(top: 44)),
+            child: MaterialApp(
+              home: MultiProvider(
+                providers: [
+                  ChangeNotifierProvider<EstadoEntitlement>(
+                    create: (_) => EstadoEntitlement(prefs: null),
+                  ),
+                  Provider<ServicioAnuncios>(
+                    create: (_) => ServicioAnuncios(esPremium: () => premium),
+                  ),
+                ],
+                child: Scaffold(
+                  body: construirCuerpoPrincipal(
+                    contenido: const Align(
+                      alignment: Alignment.topLeft,
+                      child: Text('contenido'),
+                    ),
+                  ),
+                ),
+              ),
+            ),
+          ),
+        );
+        await tester.pump();
+        await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 50));
+      }
+
+      testWidgets(
+        'usuario premium: el contenido arranca en y=0 -- edge-to-edge, sin '
+        'franja en blanco reservada para la status bar',
+        (tester) async {
+          await bombear(tester, premium: true);
+
+          expect(tester.getTopLeft(find.text('contenido')).dy, 0);
+        },
+      );
+
+      testWidgets(
+        'usuario free con el banner aún sin cargar: el contenido arranca '
+        'igualmente en y=0 -- misma posición edge-to-edge que antes del '
+        'cambio, no una franja reservada de 44px hasta que el ad cargue',
+        (tester) async {
+          await bombear(tester, premium: false);
+
+          expect(tester.getTopLeft(find.text('contenido')).dy, 0);
+        },
+      );
+    },
+  );
 }
diff --git a/test/estado/estado_entitlement_test.dart b/test/estado/estado_entitlement_test.dart
index de3ddef..d072980 100644
--- a/test/estado/estado_entitlement_test.dart
+++ b/test/estado/estado_entitlement_test.dart
@@ -181,6 +181,122 @@ void main() {
         expect(estado.esPremium, isFalse);
       },
     );
+
+    group('resultadoUsuario (FIX 3, code review)', () {
+      test(
+        'un error en el flujo de compra expone ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.error',
+        () async {
+          final compras = _PuertoComprasFalso();
+          addTearDown(compras.dispose);
+          final estado = EstadoEntitlement(
+            prefs: await SharedPreferences.getInstance(),
+            compras: compras,
+          );
+          addTearDown(estado.dispose);
+          await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+
+          expect(estado.resultadoUsuario, isNull);
+
+          unawaited(estado.comprar());
+          await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+          compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.error));
+          await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+
+          expect(estado.resultadoUsuario, ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.error);
+        },
+      );
+
+      test('restaurar() sin compra previa expone su propio resultado '
+          '(restauracionSinCompras), distinto de un error', () async {
+        final compras = _PuertoComprasFalso();
+        addTearDown(compras.dispose);
+        final estado = EstadoEntitlement(
+          prefs: await SharedPreferences.getInstance(),
+          compras: compras,
+        );
+        addTearDown(estado.dispose);
+        await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+
+        unawaited(estado.restaurar());
+        await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+        compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.noEncontrada));
+        await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+
+        expect(
+          estado.resultadoUsuario,
+          ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.restauracionSinCompras,
+        );
+        expect(
+          estado.resultadoUsuario,
+          isNot(ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.error),
+        );
+      });
+
+      test('consumirResultadoUsuario() limpia la señal y notifica a los '
+          'listeners', () async {
+        final compras = _PuertoComprasFalso();
+        addTearDown(compras.dispose);
+        final estado = EstadoEntitlement(
+          prefs: await SharedPreferences.getInstance(),
+          compras: compras,
+        );
+        addTearDown(estado.dispose);
+        await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+
+        unawaited(estado.comprar());
+        await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+        compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.error));
+        await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+        expect(estado.resultadoUsuario, isNotNull);
+
+        var notificaciones = 0;
+        estado.addListener(() => notificaciones++);
+        estado.consumirResultadoUsuario();
+
+        expect(estado.resultadoUsuario, isNull);
+        expect(notificaciones, greaterThan(0));
+
+        // También se limpia (probado por separado) el resultado de una
+        // restauración sin compras.
+        unawaited(estado.restaurar());
+        await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+        compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.noEncontrada));
+        await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+        expect(estado.resultadoUsuario, isNotNull);
+
+        estado.consumirResultadoUsuario();
+        expect(estado.resultadoUsuario, isNull);
+      });
+
+      test(
+        'nunca expone el texto interno/de desarrollador de EventoCompra.mensaje',
+        () async {
+          final compras = _PuertoComprasFalso();
+          addTearDown(compras.dispose);
+          final estado = EstadoEntitlement(
+            prefs: await SharedPreferences.getInstance(),
+            compras: compras,
+          );
+          addTearDown(estado.dispose);
+          await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+
+          unawaited(estado.comprar());
+          await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+          compras.emitir(
+            const EventoCompra(
+              TipoEventoCompra.error,
+              mensaje: 'Producto no encontrado en Play Console',
+            ),
+          );
+          await Future<void>.delayed(Duration.zero);
+
+          // resultadoUsuario es un enum tipado -- estructuralmente incapaz
+          // de filtrar el string interno de EventoCompra.mensaje hacia la
+          // UI.
+          expect(estado.resultadoUsuario, ResultadoEntitlementUsuario.error);
+        },
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   group('esPremiumPersistido (headless, sin BuildContext)', () {
diff --git a/test/servicios/servicio_anuncios_test.dart b/test/servicios/servicio_anuncios_test.dart
index d91f8f4..c5f192d 100644
--- a/test/servicios/servicio_anuncios_test.dart
+++ b/test/servicios/servicio_anuncios_test.dart
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+import 'dart:io';
+
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_anuncios.dart';
 
@@ -10,10 +13,12 @@ void main() {
     required DateTime Function() ahora,
     required bool premium,
     Future<bool> Function()? mostrarInterstitialImpl,
+    Duration? timeoutIntentoInterstitial,
   }) => ServicioAnuncios(
     ahora: ahora,
     esPremium: () => premium,
     mostrarInterstitialImpl: mostrarInterstitialImpl ?? (() async => true),
+    timeoutIntentoInterstitial: timeoutIntentoInterstitial,
   );
 
   group('intentarInterstitial — cap de frecuencia', () {
@@ -87,6 +92,75 @@ void main() {
     );
   });
 
+  group('intentarInterstitial — fallo al mostrar no consume el cupo', () {
+    test('la implementación real de AdMob distingue presentación real de '
+        'fallo de renderizado (FIX 6, code review): '
+        'onAdShowedFullScreenContent debe estar instrumentado y el resultado '
+        'de show() no puede ser un true incondicional', () {
+      final source =
+          File('lib/servicios/servicio_anuncios.dart').readAsStringSync();
+      expect(
+        source.contains('onAdShowedFullScreenContent'),
+        isTrue,
+        reason:
+            'debe registrar si el anuncio realmente llegó a presentarse '
+            '(onAdShowedFullScreenContent) para no devolver true tras un '
+            'onAdFailedToShowFullScreenContent',
+      );
+      expect(
+        source.contains('await cierreCompleter.future;\n      return true;'),
+        isFalse,
+        reason:
+            'el resultado de _mostrarInterstitialAdMob ya no puede ser un '
+            'true incondicional tras el cierre -- debe reflejar si el '
+            'anuncio realmente se presentó',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('intentarInterstitial — timeout acotado (FIX 2, code review)', () {
+    test('una implementación que nunca completa resuelve false dentro del '
+        'timeout inyectado y no consume el cupo', () async {
+      final ahora = DateTime(2026, 1, 1, 10, 0);
+      final nuncaCompleta = Completer<bool>();
+      addTearDown(() {
+        if (!nuncaCompleta.isCompleted) nuncaCompleta.complete(false);
+      });
+      final servicio = construir(
+        ahora: () => ahora,
+        premium: false,
+        mostrarInterstitialImpl: () => nuncaCompleta.future,
+        timeoutIntentoInterstitial: const Duration(milliseconds: 20),
+      );
+
+      final resultado = await servicio.intentarInterstitial().timeout(
+        const Duration(seconds: 2),
+      );
+
+      expect(resultado, isFalse);
+      // El cupo no se consumió: un intento posterior con una
+      // implementación que SÍ resuelve sigue mostrando el anuncio.
+      final servicioReal = construir(ahora: () => ahora, premium: false);
+      expect(await servicioReal.intentarInterstitial(), isTrue);
+    });
+
+    test('una implementación lenta pero que SÍ completa dentro del timeout '
+        'sigue resolviendo con su resultado real', () async {
+      final ahora = DateTime(2026, 1, 1, 10, 0);
+      final servicio = construir(
+        ahora: () => ahora,
+        premium: false,
+        mostrarInterstitialImpl: () async {
+          await Future<void>.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 5));
+          return true;
+        },
+        timeoutIntentoInterstitial: const Duration(milliseconds: 200),
+      );
+
+      expect(await servicio.intentarInterstitial(), isTrue);
+    });
+  });
+
   group('debeMostrarBanner', () {
     test('free: true', () {
       final servicio = construir(
diff --git a/test/servicios/servicio_consentimiento_test.dart b/test/servicios/servicio_consentimiento_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55a4ee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/servicios/servicio_consentimiento_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_consentimiento.dart';
+
+/// Fake [PuertoConsentimiento]: never touches the UMP plugin, lets each
+/// test drive the outcome of the consent flow directly.
+class _PuertoConsentimientoFalso implements PuertoConsentimiento {
+  _PuertoConsentimientoFalso({this.resultado = true, this.lanzarError = false});
+
+  final bool resultado;
+  final bool lanzarError;
+  int llamadas = 0;
+
+  @override
+  Future<bool> resolver() async {
+    llamadas++;
+    if (lanzarError) throw Exception('fallo simulado de UMP');
+    return resultado;
+  }
+}
+
+/// FIX 4 (code review): no GDPR/UMP consent flow existed at all before
+/// this. [resolverConsentimientoAnuncios] is the pure/injectable
+/// orchestration seam -- testable with zero AdMob/UMP platform channels,
+/// mirroring `ServicioAnuncios`'s own testing strategy.
+void main() {
+  group('resolverConsentimientoAnuncios', () {
+    test('usuario premium: nunca toca el puerto de consentimiento (cero '
+        'formularios para premium) y resuelve false', () async {
+      final puerto = _PuertoConsentimientoFalso(resultado: true);
+
+      final permiso = await resolverConsentimientoAnuncios(
+        esPremium: true,
+        consentimiento: puerto,
+      );
+
+      expect(permiso, isFalse);
+      expect(puerto.llamadas, 0);
+    });
+
+    test('usuario free: delega al puerto de consentimiento y devuelve su '
+        'resultado (canRequestAds)', () async {
+      final puerto = _PuertoConsentimientoFalso(resultado: true);
+
+      final permiso = await resolverConsentimientoAnuncios(
+        esPremium: false,
+        consentimiento: puerto,
+      );
+
+      expect(permiso, isTrue);
+      expect(puerto.llamadas, 1);
+    });
+
+    test('usuario free, consentimiento no otorgado: nunca se piden anuncios '
+        '(false)', () async {
+      final puerto = _PuertoConsentimientoFalso(resultado: false);
+
+      final permiso = await resolverConsentimientoAnuncios(
+        esPremium: false,
+        consentimiento: puerto,
+      );
+
+      expect(permiso, isFalse);
+    });
+
+    test('un fallo del puerto de consentimiento degrada silenciosamente a '
+        'false -- nunca se propaga ni bloquea al llamador', () async {
+      final puerto = _PuertoConsentimientoFalso(lanzarError: true);
+
+      final permiso = await resolverConsentimientoAnuncios(
+        esPremium: false,
+        consentimiento: puerto,
+      );
+
+      expect(permiso, isFalse);
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/test/widgets/banner_anuncio_superior_test.dart b/test/widgets/banner_anuncio_superior_test.dart
index e20abae..2e4799c 100644
--- a/test/widgets/banner_anuncio_superior_test.dart
+++ b/test/widgets/banner_anuncio_superior_test.dart
@@ -1,11 +1,34 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/estado/estado_entitlement.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_anuncios.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_compras.dart';
 import 'package:pluriwave/widgets/banner_anuncio_superior.dart';
 import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
 import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
 
+/// Fake [PuertoCompras] (mirrors `app_test.dart`'s own fake): lets a test
+/// drive [EstadoEntitlement]'s purchase-stream `notifyListeners()` calls
+/// without touching `in_app_purchase`.
+class _PuertoComprasFalso implements PuertoCompras {
+  final _eventos = StreamController<EventoCompra>.broadcast();
+
+  @override
+  Stream<EventoCompra> get eventos => _eventos.stream;
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> comprar() async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> restaurar() async {}
+
+  void emitir(EventoCompra evento) => _eventos.add(evento);
+
+  Future<void> dispose() => _eventos.close();
+}
+
 /// Ad-display spec "Persistent Top Banner, Never Overlapping Content": the
 /// banner is entitlement-aware and reserves layout via a `Column`
 /// (`SizedBox.shrink()` collapses it to zero footprint) — never a `Stack`
@@ -72,4 +95,66 @@ void main() {
     expect(tester.getSize(banner).height, 0);
     expect(find.text('contenido'), findsOneWidget);
   });
+
+  testWidgets('didChangeDependencies repetido (ej. notifyListeners de '
+      'EstadoEntitlement durante una compra en curso) dispara como mucho UN '
+      'intento de carga real (FIX 7, code review)', (tester) async {
+    final compras = _PuertoComprasFalso();
+    addTearDown(compras.dispose);
+    var intentosDeCarga = 0;
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      MultiProvider(
+        providers: [
+          ChangeNotifierProvider<EstadoEntitlement>(
+            create: (_) => EstadoEntitlement(prefs: null, compras: compras),
+          ),
+          Provider<ServicioAnuncios>(
+            create: (_) => ServicioAnuncios(esPremium: () => false),
+          ),
+        ],
+        child: MaterialApp(
+          home: Scaffold(
+            body: Column(
+              children: [
+                BannerAnuncioSuperior(
+                  alIntentarCargar: () => intentosDeCarga++,
+                ),
+                const Expanded(child: Center(child: Text('contenido'))),
+              ],
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pump();
+    await tester.pump(const Duration(milliseconds: 50));
+
+    expect(
+      intentosDeCarga,
+      1,
+      reason: 'el primer didChangeDependencies debe intentar UNA carga',
+    );
+
+    // Cada uno de estos eventos hace que EstadoEntitlement llame a
+    // notifyListeners() -- y como BannerAnuncioSuperior.build() hace
+    // context.watch<EstadoEntitlement>(), cada notificación vuelve a
+    // ejecutar didChangeDependencies() en este widget.
+    compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.pendiente));
+    await tester.pump();
+    compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.cancelada));
+    await tester.pump();
+    compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.pendiente));
+    await tester.pump();
+    compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.error));
+    await tester.pump();
+
+    expect(
+      intentosDeCarga,
+      1,
+      reason:
+          'cuatro notificaciones adicionales de EstadoEntitlement NO '
+          'deben disparar cuatro cargas más -- solo la primera cuenta',
+    );
+  });
 }
diff --git a/test/widgets/hoja_premium_test.dart b/test/widgets/hoja_premium_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dc15b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/widgets/hoja_premium_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/estado/estado_entitlement.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_compras.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/widgets/hoja_premium.dart';
+import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
+import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
+
+/// Fake [PuertoCompras] (mirrors `app_test.dart`'s own fake): lets a test
+/// drive [EstadoEntitlement]'s purchase-stream events without touching
+/// `in_app_purchase`.
+class _PuertoComprasFalso implements PuertoCompras {
+  final _eventos = StreamController<EventoCompra>.broadcast();
+
+  @override
+  Stream<EventoCompra> get eventos => _eventos.stream;
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> comprar() async {}
+
+  @override
+  Future<void> restaurar() async {}
+
+  void emitir(EventoCompra evento) => _eventos.add(evento);
+
+  Future<void> dispose() => _eventos.close();
+}
+
+/// FIX 3 / FIX 9 (code review): the paywall must show localized feedback for
+/// a failed purchase/restore, a distinct non-error confirmation when a
+/// restore finds nothing, and its own dedicated "premium active" string
+/// instead of reusing the equalizer's `equalizerActive` translation.
+void main() {
+  setUp(() {
+    SharedPreferences.setMockInitialValues({});
+  });
+
+  late AppLocalizations l10n;
+
+  Future<EstadoEntitlement> bombear(
+    WidgetTester tester, {
+    required _PuertoComprasFalso compras,
+  }) async {
+    late EstadoEntitlement estado;
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      MultiProvider(
+        providers: [
+          ChangeNotifierProvider<EstadoEntitlement>(
+            create: (_) {
+              estado = EstadoEntitlement(prefs: null, compras: compras);
+              return estado;
+            },
+          ),
+        ],
+        child: MaterialApp(
+          locale: const Locale('es'),
+          localizationsDelegates: AppLocalizations.localizationsDelegates,
+          supportedLocales: AppLocalizations.supportedLocales,
+          home: const Scaffold(body: HojaPremium()),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pump();
+    l10n = AppLocalizations.of(tester.element(find.byType(HojaPremium)));
+    return estado;
+  }
+
+  group(
+    'FIX 9 — la etiqueta de premium activo es propia, no la del ecualizador',
+    () {
+      testWidgets(
+        'usuario premium: muestra l10n.premiumActivo, nunca l10n.equalizerActive',
+        (tester) async {
+          SharedPreferences.setMockInitialValues({'compra_premium_v1': true});
+          final compras = _PuertoComprasFalso();
+          addTearDown(compras.dispose);
+          await bombear(tester, compras: compras);
+          await tester.pump();
+
+          expect(find.text(l10n.premiumActivo), findsOneWidget);
+          expect(find.text(l10n.equalizerActive), findsNothing);
+        },
+      );
+    },
+  );
+
+  group('FIX 3 — feedback de error/restauración en el paywall', () {
+    testWidgets('un error de compra muestra el mensaje localizado genérico '
+        '(l10n.compraError), nunca el texto interno de EventoCompra.mensaje', (
+      tester,
+    ) async {
+      final compras = _PuertoComprasFalso();
+      addTearDown(compras.dispose);
+      await bombear(tester, compras: compras);
+
+      compras.emitir(
+        const EventoCompra(
+          TipoEventoCompra.error,
+          mensaje: 'Producto no encontrado en Play Console',
+        ),
+      );
+      await tester.pump();
+      await tester.pump();
+
+      expect(find.text(l10n.compraError), findsOneWidget);
+      expect(find.text('Producto no encontrado en Play Console'), findsNothing);
+    });
+
+    testWidgets('una restauración sin compras muestra su propia confirmación '
+        '(l10n.restauracionSinCompras), distinta del mensaje de error', (
+      tester,
+    ) async {
+      final compras = _PuertoComprasFalso();
+      addTearDown(compras.dispose);
+      await bombear(tester, compras: compras);
+
+      compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.noEncontrada));
+      await tester.pump();
+      await tester.pump();
+
+      expect(find.text(l10n.restauracionSinCompras), findsOneWidget);
+      expect(find.text(l10n.compraError), findsNothing);
+    });
+
+    testWidgets(
+      'descartar el mensaje de error llama a consumirResultadoUsuario() y '
+      'lo oculta de la UI',
+      (tester) async {
+        final compras = _PuertoComprasFalso();
+        addTearDown(compras.dispose);
+        final estado = await bombear(tester, compras: compras);
+
+        compras.emitir(const EventoCompra(TipoEventoCompra.error));
+        await tester.pump();
+        await tester.pump();
+        expect(find.text(l10n.compraError), findsOneWidget);
+
+        await tester.tap(
+          find.byKey(const ValueKey('hoja-premium-resultado-descartar')),
+        );
+        await tester.pump();
+
+        expect(find.text(l10n.compraError), findsNothing);
+        expect(estado.resultadoUsuario, isNull);
+      },
+    );
+  });
+}