diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_ar.arb b/lib/l10n/app_ar.arb
index ccddca0..26847d0 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_ar.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_ar.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "جارٍ الاتصال...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "مباشر",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "متوقف مؤقتًا",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "جارٍ إعادة الاتصال...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "خطأ في الاتصال",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "متوقف",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "محطة {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_bn.arb b/lib/l10n/app_bn.arb
index 8cb4a57..579114a 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_bn.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_bn.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "সংযুক্ত হচ্ছে...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "লাইভ",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "বিরতিতে",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "পুনরায় সংযোগ করা হচ্ছে...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "সংযোগে ত্রুটি",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "বন্ধ",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "স্টেশন {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_de.arb b/lib/l10n/app_de.arb
index cbf82ca..78da69b 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_de.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_de.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "Verbindung wird hergestellt...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "Live",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "Pausiert",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "Wird neu verbunden...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "Verbindungsfehler",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "Gestoppt",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "Sender {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_en.arb b/lib/l10n/app_en.arb
index 80f8e03..cd29deb 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_en.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_en.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "Connecting...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "Live",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "Paused",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "Reconnecting...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "Connection error",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "Stopped",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "Station {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_es.arb b/lib/l10n/app_es.arb
index 3e0bfe7..c973297 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_es.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_es.arb
@@ -473,6 +473,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "Conectando...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "En directo",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "Pausado",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "Reconectando...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "Error de conexión",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "Detenido",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "Emisora {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_fr.arb b/lib/l10n/app_fr.arb
index 46ec909..7faf378 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_fr.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_fr.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "Connexion...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "En direct",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "En pause",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "Reconnexion...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "Erreur de connexion",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "Arrêté",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "Station {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_hi.arb b/lib/l10n/app_hi.arb
index 962dd64..ba6c81e 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_hi.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_hi.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "कनेक्ट हो रहा है...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "लाइव",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "विराम पर",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "पुनः कनेक्ट हो रहा है...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "कनेक्शन त्रुटि",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "बंद",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "स्टेशन {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_id.arb b/lib/l10n/app_id.arb
index 5c5794a..31a6ec5 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_id.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_id.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "Menghubungkan...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "Siaran langsung",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "Dijeda",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "Menyambung ulang...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "Kesalahan koneksi",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "Dihentikan",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "Stasiun {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_it.arb b/lib/l10n/app_it.arb
index 2f150df..95873b0 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_it.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_it.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "Connessione...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "In diretta",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "In pausa",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "Riconnessione...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "Errore di connessione",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "Interrotto",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "Stazione {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb b/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb
index c64f601..66e5c7a 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_ja.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "接続中...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "ライブ",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "一時停止中",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "再接続中...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "接続エラー",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "停止中",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "ラジオ局 {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_pt.arb b/lib/l10n/app_pt.arb
index e0507af..5f71997 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_pt.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_pt.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "Conectando...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "Ao vivo",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "Pausado",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "Reconectando...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "Erro de conexão",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "Parado",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "Estação {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_ru.arb b/lib/l10n/app_ru.arb
index 5a10a3b..2f10c2c 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_ru.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_ru.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "Подключение...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "В эфире",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "Приостановлено",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "Переподключение...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "Ошибка подключения",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "Остановлено",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "Станция {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb b/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb
index fb0b29c..e10efff 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb
+++ b/lib/l10n/app_zh.arb
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@
   "playbackStatusConnecting": "正在连接...",
   "playbackStatusLive": "直播中",
   "playbackStatusPaused": "已暂停",
+  "playbackStatusReconnecting": "正在重新连接...",
   "playbackStatusConnectionError": "连接错误",
   "playbackStatusStopped": "已停止",
   "stationSemanticLabel": "电台 {stationName}",
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart
index 8c3eeb7..0da5fcf 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart
@@ -1730,6 +1730,12 @@ abstract class AppLocalizations {
   /// **'Pausado'**
   String get playbackStatusPaused;
 
+  /// No description provided for @playbackStatusReconnecting.
+  ///
+  /// In es, this message translates to:
+  /// **'Reconectando...'**
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting;
+
   /// No description provided for @playbackStatusConnectionError.
   ///
   /// In es, this message translates to:
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ar.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ar.dart
index c2bbb01..b4fd192 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ar.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ar.dart
@@ -919,6 +919,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsAr extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'متوقف مؤقتًا';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'جارٍ إعادة الاتصال...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'خطأ في الاتصال';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_bn.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_bn.dart
index 8291384..a7c54b4 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_bn.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_bn.dart
@@ -928,6 +928,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsBn extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'বিরতিতে';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'পুনরায় সংযোগ করা হচ্ছে...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'সংযোগে ত্রুটি';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_de.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_de.dart
index de96688..0527a86 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_de.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_de.dart
@@ -930,6 +930,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsDe extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'Pausiert';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'Wird neu verbunden...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'Verbindungsfehler';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart
index cab250f..48169bf 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_en.dart
@@ -923,6 +923,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsEn extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'Paused';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'Reconnecting...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'Connection error';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_es.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_es.dart
index 115b00d..f99d9f7 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_es.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_es.dart
@@ -927,6 +927,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsEs extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'Pausado';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'Reconectando...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'Error de conexión';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fr.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fr.dart
index be2ad5c..2d79417 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fr.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_fr.dart
@@ -933,6 +933,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsFr extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'En pause';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'Reconnexion...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'Erreur de connexion';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_hi.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_hi.dart
index 6eabde2..3aa6d4f 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_hi.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_hi.dart
@@ -924,6 +924,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsHi extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'विराम पर';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'पुनः कनेक्ट हो रहा है...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'कनेक्शन त्रुटि';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart
index 8b5ea9a..7feb575 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_id.dart
@@ -928,6 +928,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsId extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'Dijeda';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'Menyambung ulang...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'Kesalahan koneksi';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_it.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_it.dart
index 0d85515..4a039a9 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_it.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_it.dart
@@ -930,6 +930,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsIt extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'In pausa';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'Riconnessione...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'Errore di connessione';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart
index 6c1d569..123e4a2 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ja.dart
@@ -895,6 +895,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsJa extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => '一時停止中';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => '再接続中...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => '接続エラー';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_pt.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_pt.dart
index e6eecea..d40be85 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_pt.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_pt.dart
@@ -925,6 +925,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsPt extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'Pausado';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'Reconectando...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'Erro de conexão';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ru.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ru.dart
index 11f4faf..8d96d78 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ru.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_ru.dart
@@ -929,6 +929,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsRu extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => 'Приостановлено';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => 'Переподключение...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => 'Ошибка подключения';
 
diff --git a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart
index 4280080..c33bf41 100644
--- a/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart
+++ b/lib/l10n/gen/app_localizations_zh.dart
@@ -891,6 +891,9 @@ class AppLocalizationsZh extends AppLocalizations {
   @override
   String get playbackStatusPaused => '已暂停';
 
+  @override
+  String get playbackStatusReconnecting => '正在重新连接...';
+
   @override
   String get playbackStatusConnectionError => '连接错误';
 
diff --git a/lib/pantallas/pantalla_alarma_sonando.dart b/lib/pantallas/pantalla_alarma_sonando.dart
index 6dc6fe2..b23bda5 100644
--- a/lib/pantallas/pantalla_alarma_sonando.dart
+++ b/lib/pantallas/pantalla_alarma_sonando.dart
@@ -64,6 +64,11 @@ class _PantallaAlarmaSonandoState extends State<PantallaAlarmaSonando> {
     }
     _iniciarFadeIn();
 
+    // S7-R4 boundary: only `reproduciendo` cancels the fallback timer —
+    // `reconectando`/`cargando` do NOT count as playing, so the 12-second
+    // fallback below stays authoritative during the alarm ring. Waking the
+    // user reliably beats reconnect persistence: if the radio is still
+    // retrying when the timer fires, the bundled WAV takes over.
     _estadoSub = radio.estadoStream.listen((estado) {
       if (estado == EstadoReproduccion.reproduciendo && mounted) {
         _fallbackTimer?.cancel();
diff --git a/lib/pantallas/pantalla_reproductor.dart b/lib/pantallas/pantalla_reproductor.dart
index 72d5256..6783b9a 100644
--- a/lib/pantallas/pantalla_reproductor.dart
+++ b/lib/pantallas/pantalla_reproductor.dart
@@ -217,7 +217,10 @@ class _WaveHero extends StatelessWidget {
       stream: estadoStream,
       builder: (context, snapshot) {
         final reproduciendo = snapshot.data == EstadoReproduccion.reproduciendo;
-        final cargando = snapshot.data == EstadoReproduccion.cargando;
+        // S7-R3: reconectando renders as loading, never as error.
+        final cargando =
+            snapshot.data == EstadoReproduccion.cargando ||
+            snapshot.data == EstadoReproduccion.reconectando;
         final hayError = snapshot.data == EstadoReproduccion.error;
 
         return SizedBox(
@@ -506,9 +509,9 @@ class _GrabacionWidget extends StatelessWidget {
                                 ? AppLocalizations.of(
                                   ctx,
                                 ).durationMinutesOnly(opcion.duracion.inMinutes)
-                                : AppLocalizations.of(
-                                  ctx,
-                                ).durationSecondsOnly(opcion.duracion.inSeconds),
+                                : AppLocalizations.of(ctx).durationSecondsOnly(
+                                  opcion.duracion.inSeconds,
+                                ),
                           ),
                           onPressed: () {
                             estado.iniciarGrabacion(duracion: opcion.duracion);
@@ -651,7 +654,10 @@ class _Controles extends StatelessWidget {
       builder: (context, snapshot) {
         final s = snapshot.data ?? EstadoReproduccion.detenido;
         final reproduciendo = s == EstadoReproduccion.reproduciendo;
-        final cargando = s == EstadoReproduccion.cargando;
+        // S7-R3: reconectando shows the loading spinner, not the error column.
+        final cargando =
+            s == EstadoReproduccion.cargando ||
+            s == EstadoReproduccion.reconectando;
         final hayError = s == EstadoReproduccion.error;
 
         if (hayError) {
@@ -808,11 +814,9 @@ class _TimerWidget extends StatelessWidget {
         final s = t.inSeconds.remainder(60).toString().padLeft(2, '0');
         final label =
             t.inHours > 0
-                ? AppLocalizations.of(context).durationHoursMinutesSeconds(
-                  t.inHours,
-                  m,
-                  s,
-                )
+                ? AppLocalizations.of(
+                  context,
+                ).durationHoursMinutesSeconds(t.inHours, m, s)
                 : AppLocalizations.of(context).durationMinutesSeconds(m, s);
 
         return Row(
diff --git a/lib/servicios/controlador_reconexion.dart b/lib/servicios/controlador_reconexion.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4327bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/servicios/controlador_reconexion.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
+/// Outcome of a playback failure reported to [ControladorReconexion].
+enum DecisionReconexion {
+  /// A retry was scheduled after the backoff delay.
+  reintentar,
+
+  /// All retries were consumed — surface the terminal error to the user.
+  agotado,
+
+  /// Playback was not intended (user pause/stop or interruption) — no retry.
+  ignorar,
+}
+
+/// Reconnect decision and bounded exponential backoff logic (Design 7.2,
+/// S7-R2/S7-R7), extracted from `PluriWaveAudioHandler` so it is unit-testable
+/// without platform channels. The timer factory is injectable for tests.
+///
+/// Defaults: 5 retries with delays 1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 16s (capped at 30s).
+/// Combined with the 12s source-change timeout per attempt this keeps the
+/// total reconnect window inside the ~60-90s budget from the design.
+class ControladorReconexion {
+  ControladorReconexion({
+    this.maxReintentos = 5,
+    this.retrasoBase = const Duration(seconds: 1),
+    this.retrasoMaximo = const Duration(seconds: 30),
+    Timer Function(Duration, void Function())? crearTemporizador,
+  }) : _crearTemporizador = crearTemporizador ?? _temporizadorReal;
+
+  static Timer _temporizadorReal(Duration duracion, void Function() callback) =>
+      Timer(duracion, callback);
+
+  final int maxReintentos;
+  final Duration retrasoBase;
+  final Duration retrasoMaximo;
+  final Timer Function(Duration, void Function()) _crearTemporizador;
+
+  int _intentos = 0;
+  Timer? _temporizador;
+
+  /// Retries consumed since the last [restablecer].
+  int get intentos => _intentos;
+
+  /// True while a retry is scheduled and has not fired or been cancelled.
+  bool get reintentoPendiente => _temporizador?.isActive ?? false;
+
+  /// Backoff delay for the 1-based retry [intento]:
+  /// `retrasoBase * 2^(intento-1)`, capped at [retrasoMaximo].
+  Duration retrasoParaIntento(int intento) {
+    assert(intento >= 1, 'los intentos se cuentan desde 1');
+    final exponente = (intento - 1).clamp(0, 30);
+    final ms = retrasoBase.inMilliseconds * (1 << exponente);
+    if (ms >= retrasoMaximo.inMilliseconds) return retrasoMaximo;
+    return Duration(milliseconds: ms);
+  }
+
+  /// Reports a stall / network failure. Schedules [alReintentar] after the
+  /// backoff delay only when the user still intends to play and retries
+  /// remain; otherwise returns [DecisionReconexion.ignorar] or
+  /// [DecisionReconexion.agotado] without scheduling anything.
+  DecisionReconexion registrarFallo({
+    required bool intencionReproducir,
+    required void Function() alReintentar,
+  }) {
+    if (!intencionReproducir) {
+      cancelar();
+      return DecisionReconexion.ignorar;
+    }
+    if (_intentos >= maxReintentos) {
+      cancelar();
+      return DecisionReconexion.agotado;
+    }
+    _intentos++;
+    _temporizador?.cancel();
+    _temporizador = _crearTemporizador(
+      retrasoParaIntento(_intentos),
+      alReintentar,
+    );
+    return DecisionReconexion.reintentar;
+  }
+
+  /// Successful playback (or a fresh user play): reset the retry counter and
+  /// drop any pending retry, so the next stall starts the backoff over.
+  void restablecer() {
+    _intentos = 0;
+    cancelar();
+  }
+
+  /// Cancels any pending retry without resetting the counter (user stop or
+  /// pause during the backoff window).
+  void cancelar() {
+    _temporizador?.cancel();
+    _temporizador = null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart b/lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart
index a6b31fa..45cdf56 100644
--- a/lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart
+++ b/lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart
@@ -9,10 +9,21 @@ import '../l10n/display_names.dart';
 import '../l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
 import '../modelos/emisora.dart';
 import '../modelos/preset_ecualizador.dart';
+import 'controlador_reconexion.dart';
 import 'servicio_audio_session.dart';
 
 /// Estado de reproducción expuesto al UI.
-enum EstadoReproduccion { detenido, cargando, reproduciendo, pausado, error }
+enum EstadoReproduccion {
+  detenido,
+  cargando,
+  reproduciendo,
+  pausado,
+
+  /// Transient network stall: the handler is retrying with backoff (S7-R2).
+  /// UI surfaces it as a loading indicator, never as an error dialog (S7-R3).
+  reconectando,
+  error,
+}
 
 // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 // Handler global — inicializado en main.dart con AudioService.init
@@ -44,6 +55,7 @@ class ServicioAudio {
         if (s.processingState == AudioProcessingState.error) {
           return EstadoReproduccion.error;
         }
+        if (_handler.reconectando) return EstadoReproduccion.reconectando;
         if (s.processingState == AudioProcessingState.loading ||
             s.processingState == AudioProcessingState.buffering) {
           return EstadoReproduccion.cargando;
@@ -118,6 +130,27 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   static const _timeoutCierrePlayer = Duration(seconds: 3);
   static const _factorAtenuacion = 0.3;
 
+  // ── Live-stream buffer (Design 7.1, S7-R1) ────────────────────────────────
+  // Forward jitter cushion for live radio: there is no rewind history, so the
+  // buffer only absorbs short drops (up to roughly what was buffered when the
+  // drop hit); on reconnect we rejoin the live edge.
+  static const bufferMinimo = Duration(seconds: 15);
+  static const bufferMaximo = Duration(seconds: 50);
+  static const bufferParaIniciar = Duration(milliseconds: 2500);
+  static const bufferTrasRebuffer = Duration(seconds: 5);
+
+  /// Buffer configuration applied at [AudioPlayer] construction. Exposed so
+  /// tests can assert the values without touching platform channels (S7-R1).
+  static const configuracionCargaAndroid = AudioLoadConfiguration(
+    androidLoadControl: AndroidLoadControl(
+      minBufferDuration: bufferMinimo,
+      maxBufferDuration: bufferMaximo,
+      bufferForPlaybackDuration: bufferParaIniciar,
+      bufferForPlaybackAfterRebufferDuration: bufferTrasRebuffer,
+      prioritizeTimeOverSizeThresholds: true,
+    ),
+  );
+
   AndroidEqualizer _eq = AndroidEqualizer();
   late AudioPlayer _player = _crearPlayer();
   StreamSubscription<PlayerState>? _estadoPlayerSub;
@@ -143,6 +176,15 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   /// Ducked state requested by the audio session (transient focus loss).
   bool _atenuado = false;
 
+  /// Reconnect-on-stall state machine (Design 7.2, S7-R2).
+  final ControladorReconexion _reconexion = ControladorReconexion();
+
+  /// True while the handler is inside the reconnect window. [ServicioAudio]
+  /// maps it to [EstadoReproduccion.reconectando] so the UI shows a loading
+  /// indicator instead of an error during retries (S7-R3).
+  bool _reconectando = false;
+  bool get reconectando => _reconectando;
+
   AndroidEqualizer? get ecualizador => _eq;
   bool _eqDisponible = false;
   bool get ecualizadorDisponible => _eqDisponible;
@@ -172,6 +214,7 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   AudioPlayer _crearPlayer() {
     return AudioPlayer(
       audioPipeline: AudioPipeline(androidAudioEffects: [_eq]),
+      audioLoadConfiguration: configuracionCargaAndroid,
     );
   }
 
@@ -179,6 +222,12 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     _estadoPlayerSub = _player.playerStateStream.listen((state) {
       final playing = state.playing;
       final proc = state.processingState;
+      if (playing && proc == ProcessingState.ready) {
+        // Successful (re)connection: reset the backoff so the next stall
+        // starts over, and leave the reconnect window (S7-R7).
+        _reconexion.restablecer();
+        _reconectando = false;
+      }
       playbackState.add(
         playbackState.value.copyWith(
           controls: [
@@ -217,13 +266,23 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   }
 
   /// Gestiona cualquier error de reproducción de ExoPlayer.
+  ///
+  /// Network-class failures while the user still intends to play enter the
+  /// reconnect state machine (S7-R2) instead of surfacing a terminal error;
+  /// only retry exhaustion (or non-network errors) falls through to the
+  /// existing error path, so the user sees a single error — no spam per retry.
   void _gestionarErrorReproduccion(Object error) {
+    if (_intentarReconexion(error)) return;
+
     String mensaje;
     String codigoLog;
 
     if (error is PlayerException) {
       codigoLog = 'PlayerException(code=${error.code}): ${error.message}';
       mensaje = _mensajeAmigable(error);
+    } else if (error is TimeoutException) {
+      codigoLog = 'TimeoutException: $error';
+      mensaje = _textos.audioErrorTimeout;
     } else {
       codigoLog = 'Error desconocido: $error';
       mensaje = _textos.audioErrorGeneric;
@@ -235,6 +294,7 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
       level: 900,
     );
 
+    _detenerReconexion();
     playbackState.add(
       playbackState.value.copyWith(
         processingState: AudioProcessingState.error,
@@ -248,6 +308,71 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     _player.stop().catchError((_) {});
   }
 
+  /// Network-class failures: ExoPlayer 2xxx source errors (no internet, bad
+  /// URL/host, timeout) and our own source-change timeout guard.
+  bool _esErrorDeRed(Object error) =>
+      (error is PlayerException && error.code >= 2000 && error.code < 3000) ||
+      error is TimeoutException;
+
+  /// Attempts to enter (or stay in) the reconnect window. Returns true when a
+  /// retry was scheduled and the terminal error path must be skipped.
+  bool _intentarReconexion(Object error) {
+    if (!_esErrorDeRed(error)) return false;
+    final item = mediaItem.value;
+    if (item == null) return false;
+
+    final decision = _reconexion.registrarFallo(
+      intencionReproducir: _intencionReproducir,
+      alReintentar: () => _reintentarFuente(item),
+    );
+    if (decision != DecisionReconexion.reintentar) {
+      // ignorar (user pause/stop or interruption) keeps the player quiet;
+      // agotado falls through to the single terminal error (S7-R2-C).
+      if (decision == DecisionReconexion.ignorar) {
+        _reconectando = false;
+      }
+      return decision == DecisionReconexion.ignorar;
+    }
+
+    _reconectando = true;
+    developer.log(
+      '[PluriWave] Stall de red, reintento ${_reconexion.intentos}/'
+      '${_reconexion.maxReintentos} en '
+      '${_reconexion.retrasoParaIntento(_reconexion.intentos).inSeconds}s',
+      name: 'ServicioAudio',
+      level: 800,
+    );
+    playbackState.add(
+      playbackState.value.copyWith(
+        processingState: AudioProcessingState.buffering,
+        playing: false,
+        errorMessage: null,
+      ),
+    );
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /// Re-issues the live source through the revision-guarded source-change
+  /// queue, so a user source switch or stop during the retry cancels it.
+  void _reintentarFuente(MediaItem item) {
+    if (!_intencionReproducir) {
+      _detenerReconexion();
+      return;
+    }
+    final revision = ++_revisionFuente;
+    _colaCambioFuente = _colaCambioFuente
+        .catchError((_) {})
+        .then((_) => _cambiarFuente(item, revision))
+        // Failures already routed through _gestionarErrorReproduccion, which
+        // schedules the next backoff retry or surfaces the terminal error.
+        .catchError((_) {});
+  }
+
+  void _detenerReconexion() {
+    _reconexion.cancelar();
+    _reconectando = false;
+  }
+
   /// Traduce códigos de error de ExoPlayer a mensajes para el usuario.
   String _mensajeAmigable(PlayerException e) {
     final code = e.code;
@@ -292,6 +417,10 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
   @override
   Future<void> playMediaItem(MediaItem mediaItem) async {
     _intencionReproducir = true;
+    // Fresh user play/source switch: restart the backoff from scratch and
+    // leave any previous reconnect window (S7-R2).
+    _reconexion.restablecer();
+    _reconectando = false;
     final revision = ++_revisionFuente;
     _colaCambioFuente = _colaCambioFuente
         .catchError((_) {})
@@ -321,8 +450,19 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
     } on PlayerException catch (e) {
       if (revision == _revisionFuente) {
         _gestionarErrorReproduccion(e);
+        // Reconnect engaged: complete normally so callers do not surface a
+        // snackbar/dialog while the handler keeps retrying (S7-R3).
+        if (_reconectando) return;
       }
       throw Exception(_mensajeAmigable(e));
+    } on TimeoutException catch (e) {
+      // A real network drop usually surfaces as our 12s source timeout:
+      // route it through the reconnect machine instead of a terminal error.
+      if (revision == _revisionFuente) {
+        _gestionarErrorReproduccion(e);
+        if (_reconectando) return;
+      }
+      rethrow;
     } on Exception catch (e, stackTrace) {
       developer.log(
         '[PluriWave] Error inesperado en playMediaItem: $e',
@@ -499,13 +639,19 @@ class PluriWaveAudioHandler extends BaseAudioHandler
 
   @override
   Future<void> pause() {
+    // User (or audio-session interruption) pause: disarm any pending retry —
+    // a stall must never fight an intentional pause (S7-R2-B, S7-R6).
     _intencionReproducir = false;
+    _detenerReconexion();
     return _player.pause();
   }
 
   @override
   Future<void> stop() async {
+    // User stop (including the sleep-timer fade-out stop): cancel reconnect
+    // so retries never restart playback after a stop (S7-R6).
     _intencionReproducir = false;
+    _detenerReconexion();
     _revisionFuente++;
     await _player.stop();
     emisoraActual = null;
diff --git a/lib/servicios/servicio_grabacion_radio.dart b/lib/servicios/servicio_grabacion_radio.dart
index 856b09c..9173019 100644
--- a/lib/servicios/servicio_grabacion_radio.dart
+++ b/lib/servicios/servicio_grabacion_radio.dart
@@ -284,6 +284,10 @@ class ServicioGrabacionRadio {
     _emitir(const EstadoGrabacionRadio.inactiva());
   }
 
+  // S7-R5 invariant: recording uses its OWN HTTP stream, independent of
+  // PluriWaveAudioHandler. Its error handling must NOT route through the S7
+  // reconnect machine (ControladorReconexion) — a recording failure clears
+  // state and releases resources immediately, with no backoff retries.
   Future<void> _fallar(Object error) async {
     _timerAutoStop?.cancel();
     _timerAutoStop = null;
diff --git a/lib/widgets/mini_reproductor.dart b/lib/widgets/mini_reproductor.dart
index 6a62d56..da40dfd 100644
--- a/lib/widgets/mini_reproductor.dart
+++ b/lib/widgets/mini_reproductor.dart
@@ -155,7 +155,10 @@ class _MiniReproductorState extends State<MiniReproductor> {
                 stream: estado.estadoStream,
                 builder: (context, snapshot) {
                   final s = snapshot.data ?? EstadoReproduccion.detenido;
-                  if (s == EstadoReproduccion.cargando) {
+                  // S7-R3: reconectando is a transient stall — render it like
+                  // cargando (spinner), never as the error/retry affordance.
+                  if (s == EstadoReproduccion.cargando ||
+                      s == EstadoReproduccion.reconectando) {
                     return const SizedBox(
                       width: 48,
                       height: 48,
@@ -220,6 +223,7 @@ class _MiniReproductorState extends State<MiniReproductor> {
       EstadoReproduccion.cargando => l10n.playbackStatusConnecting,
       EstadoReproduccion.reproduciendo => l10n.playbackStatusLive,
       EstadoReproduccion.pausado => l10n.playbackStatusPaused,
+      EstadoReproduccion.reconectando => l10n.playbackStatusReconnecting,
       EstadoReproduccion.error => l10n.playbackStatusConnectionError,
       EstadoReproduccion.detenido => l10n.playbackStatusStopped,
     };
diff --git a/lib/widgets/visualizador_audio.dart b/lib/widgets/visualizador_audio.dart
index d1888dd..a4a39ca 100644
--- a/lib/widgets/visualizador_audio.dart
+++ b/lib/widgets/visualizador_audio.dart
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ class _VisualizadorAudioState extends State<VisualizadorAudio>
   void _onEstado(EstadoReproduccion estado) {
     final nuevoActivo =
         estado == EstadoReproduccion.reproduciendo ||
-        estado == EstadoReproduccion.cargando;
+        estado == EstadoReproduccion.cargando ||
+        estado == EstadoReproduccion.reconectando;
     if (!mounted) return;
     if (nuevoActivo != _activo) {
       setState(() => _activo = nuevoActivo);
diff --git a/openspec/changes/app-quality-and-native-alarms/apply-progress.md b/openspec/changes/app-quality-and-native-alarms/apply-progress.md
index 9e82df9..dd46d74 100644
--- a/openspec/changes/app-quality-and-native-alarms/apply-progress.md
+++ b/openspec/changes/app-quality-and-native-alarms/apply-progress.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 **Mode**: Strict TDD (test runner: `flutter test`)
 **Artifact store**: openspec (Engram unavailable this session)
 **Delivery**: auto-chain, local apply — no commits, no PRs (user commits at own cadence)
-**Last updated**: 2026-06-11 (Batch 3)
+**Last updated**: 2026-06-11 (Batch 4)
 
 ## Batch log
 
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 | 1 | S1 — Alarm native reliability | COMPLETE (Dart verified; Kotlin/manifest on-device verification deferred to user) | 2026-06-11 |
 | 2 | S2a + S2b — Snooze correctness end-to-end + Alarm UX parity | COMPLETE (Dart verified; Kotlin on-device verification deferred to user) | 2026-06-11 |
 | 3 | S3a + S3b — Test seams (statics/prefs/cache/mutex/dirty-guard/bounded set) + audio_session | COMPLETE (Dart-only batch; call-pause on-device verification deferred to user) | 2026-06-11 |
+| 4 | S7 — Streaming resilience (buffer config, reconnect state machine, UI wiring) | COMPLETE (Dart-only batch; stream-drop on-device verification deferred to user) | 2026-06-11 |
 
 ## Task status (cumulative)
 
@@ -111,9 +112,27 @@
 | T-S3b-06 | [x] | `flutter analyze` — No issues found |
 | T-S3b-07 | [x] | `dart format` applied |
 
+### Slice S7 — Streaming resilience — 13/13 complete
+
+| Task | Status | Notes |
+|------|--------|-------|
+| T-S7-01 | [x] | RED: `servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart` — 8 tests over `ControladorReconexion` (backoff sequence + cap, retry scheduled with intent=true, NO retry with intent=false, exhaustion → agotado, restablecer resets counter + backoff base, cancelar kills pending timer) via injectable fake-timer factory |
+| T-S7-02 | [x] | RED: buffer-config test asserts `PluriWaveAudioHandler.configuracionCargaAndroid` values (15s/50s/2.5s/5s, prioritizeTime=true) — construction wiring not unit-testable without platform channels (see deviations) |
+| T-S7-03 | [x] | RED: `reconnect_ui_test.dart` — reconectando shows spinner + "Reconectando..." label, NO AlertDialog/SnackBar, NO manual-retry button; second test locks retry button to error state only |
+| T-S7-04 | [x] | GREEN: `_crearPlayer` passes `audioLoadConfiguration: configuracionCargaAndroid`; named `static const` durations. just_audio 0.9.46 API verified in pub-cache source — all design params exist, NO deviation |
+| T-S7-05 | [x] | GREEN: `EstadoReproduccion.reconectando` added; `estadoStream` maps the handler's `reconectando` flag (error wins, then reconectando, then cargando) |
+| T-S7-06 | [x] | GREEN: NEW `lib/servicios/controlador_reconexion.dart` (pure logic: maxReintentos=5, base=1s, cap=30s); handler enters reconnect on network-class errors (PlayerException 2xxx OR TimeoutException) with intent=play; retry re-issues source via revision-guarded `_cambiarFuente`; ready+playing resets; pause/stop/playMediaItem cancel/reset; exhaustion → single terminal error; `_cambiarFuente` returns normally when reconnect engaged so `EstadoRadio.reproducir` doesn't snackbar mid-retry |
+| T-S7-07 | [x] | GREEN: mini player (spinner + `playbackStatusReconnecting` in `_labelEstado`), full player (`_WaveHero`/`_Controles`: reconectando = loading, not error), visualizer stays active; l10n key in ALL 13 .arb locales + gen-l10n |
+| T-S7-08 | [x] | GREEN: S7-R4 boundary comment at `_estadoSub` listener — only `reproduciendo` cancels the alarm's 12s fallback timer; reconectando never counts as playing (code already correct, now documented + locked by enum distinctness) |
+| T-S7-09 | [x] | GREEN: `ServicioGrabacionRadio` untouched except S7-R5 invariant comment above `_fallar` |
+| T-S7-10 | [x] | Targeted run 10/10 green (RED first: `+0 -2` load failures) |
+| T-S7-11 | [x] | Full suite 99/99 (89 baseline + 10 new) |
+| T-S7-12 | [x] | `flutter analyze` — No issues found |
+| T-S7-13 | [x] | `dart format` on 9 touched files (2 reflowed); re-ran suite + analyze after format |
+
 ### Remaining slices (not started)
 
-S7, S4a, S4b, S5, S6, cross-cutting (T-CC-01, T-CC-02) — all pending.
+S4a, S4b, S5, S6, cross-cutting (T-CC-01, T-CC-02) — all pending.
 
 ## Snooze defect fixes (design audit D1–D5 / S1–S5)
 
@@ -153,6 +172,16 @@ RED run evidence: first run `+0 -3` (loading failures, three files); ringing tap
 
 RED run evidence (Batch 3): `00:06 +1 -6` before implementation (the single pass is the exactly-once write lock-in). GREEN: targeted 12/12; full suite `00:12 +89: All tests passed!`.
 
+### Batch 4 TDD Cycle Evidence (S7)
+
+| Task | RED (test written first, failing) | GREEN (implementation passes) | REFACTOR |
+|------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------|----------|
+| T-S7-01/T-S7-06 | Load failure: `controlador_reconexion.dart` missing (`+0 -2` run) | `ControladorReconexion` created; 6 decision/backoff tests pass | Doc comments tying defaults to the ~60-90s design window |
+| T-S7-02/T-S7-04 | Same RED run: `configuracionCargaAndroid` undefined | Const config + `_crearPlayer` wiring; values test passes | Durations extracted as named `static const` |
+| T-S7-03/T-S7-05/T-S7-07 | Compile failure: `EstadoReproduccion.reconectando` missing | Enum + stream mapping + UI wiring; both widget tests pass | Test fixed to double-pump (stream event delivery + frame); diag run proved impl correct before the fix |
+
+RED run evidence (Batch 4): `00:00 +0 -2` (both files fail to load). GREEN: targeted `00:01 +10: All tests passed!`; full suite `00:08 +99: All tests passed!` (89 baseline + 10 new).
+
 ## Files changed (Batch 2)
 
 | File | Action | ~Lines |
@@ -205,6 +234,24 @@ RED run evidence (Batch 3): `00:06 +1 -6` before implementation (the single pass
 
 Total Batch 3 diff: ~362 insertions / ~122 deletions in lib + helpers, plus ~458 lines of new tests.
 
+## Files changed (Batch 4)
+
+| File | Action | ~Lines |
+|------|--------|--------|
+| `lib/servicios/controlador_reconexion.dart` | Created | +100 (decision enum + backoff controller, injectable timer factory) |
+| `lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart` | Modified | +148/-7 (enum `reconectando`, buffer config consts, reconnect integration, TimeoutException routing, pause/stop/play resets) |
+| `lib/widgets/mini_reproductor.dart` | Modified | +6/-2 (spinner for reconectando, label case) |
+| `lib/pantallas/pantalla_reproductor.dart` | Modified | +8/-2 (reconectando = loading in `_WaveHero` + `_Controles`) |
+| `lib/widgets/visualizador_audio.dart` | Modified | +2/-1 (reconectando keeps visualizer active) |
+| `lib/pantallas/pantalla_alarma_sonando.dart` | Modified | +5 (S7-R4 boundary comment) |
+| `lib/servicios/servicio_grabacion_radio.dart` | Modified | +4 (S7-R5 invariant comment) |
+| `lib/l10n/app_*.arb` (13 files) | Modified | +1 each (`playbackStatusReconnecting`) |
+| `lib/l10n/gen/*` (14 files) | Regenerated | by `flutter gen-l10n` |
+| `test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart` | Created | +210 (8 tests) |
+| `test/widgets/reconnect_ui_test.dart` | Created | +100 (2 tests) |
+
+Total Batch 4 diff: ~235 insertions / ~13 deletions in lib (incl. ARB/gen), plus ~310 lines of new tests. Within the ~285-line slice estimate. No Kotlin/native files touched.
+
 ## Deviations from design (Batch 3)
 
 1. **No deprecated static shim for `ServicioAlarmasAndroid.configurarLocalizaciones`** (task text asked for one). Dart forbids a static and an instance member with the same name in one class, and the ONLY external call site (`estado_radio.dart:74`) was rewired in this same slice — a renamed shim would be unreachable dead code. Instead `configurarLocalizaciones` joined the `PuertoAlarmasAndroid` interface (fakes no-op it).
@@ -215,6 +262,16 @@ Total Batch 3 diff: ~362 insertions / ~122 deletions in lib + helpers, plus ~458
 6. **`servicio_contenido_app.dart` also migrated** (3 getInstance sites; not named in the task). Its only construction site is `static final` in `pluri_onboarding_dialog.dart`, which keeps the fallback path at runtime — acceptable under the injected-with-fallback compat net; full injection there would require a dialog refactor out of S3 scope.
 7. **Two-instances-same-channel semantics documented, not prevented**: with instance handlers, constructing a second `ServicioAlarmasAndroid` over the SAME MethodChannel re-binds the platform handler to the newest instance. Production creates exactly one per channel (provider singleton); tests use distinct channels.
 
+## Deviations from design (Batch 4)
+
+1. **Reconnect logic lives in a NEW file `lib/servicios/controlador_reconexion.dart`**, not inline in `servicio_audio.dart` (task text said "edit servicio_audio.dart"). Pure decision/backoff logic must be testable without platform channels (S7-R7); the handler cannot be constructed in tests (`AudioPlayer` hits MethodChannels at construction). The handler keeps only the integration glue.
+2. **Buffer-config test asserts the config VALUES, not the construction call.** Asserting that `AudioPlayer(...)` received the config would require constructing the real player (platform channels). The config is a `static const` on the handler; `_crearPlayer` passes it (one-line wiring, verified by review + on-device item 9). Honest scope of S7-R1's `[flutter test]` portion.
+3. **`TimeoutException` treated as network-class** in addition to the spec'd PlayerException 2xxx range. A real network drop usually surfaces as the existing 12s source-change timeout, NOT as a 2xxx PlayerException — without this, the most common stall would bypass reconnect entirely. The generic-Exception terminal path is otherwise unchanged.
+4. **Stall detection is error-driven only** (per task T-S7-06 text); the design's optional "buffering > 8-10s watchdog" was NOT implemented. ExoPlayer/just_audio surfaces dead live streams as errors or our timeout; a buffering watchdog would add a timer racing the buffer config for marginal gain. Flagged for on-device validation (item 9): if a silent endless-buffering hang is observed, add the watchdog in a follow-up.
+5. **`_cambiarFuente` completes normally when reconnect is engaged** (returns instead of rethrowing). Previously every failure rejected the `playMediaItem` future and `EstadoRadio.reproducir`'s catch pushed an error snackbar — that would show an error on the FIRST failure even while reconnecting, violating S7-R3. User-facing rejection still happens when reconnect does NOT engage (non-network error, no intent, exhausted).
+6. **`restablecer()` on `playMediaItem`** (fresh user play/source switch restarts the backoff budget). Not explicit in the task text but required so the retry path (which goes through `_cambiarFuente` internally, not `playMediaItem`) can exhaust while user-initiated switches always get a full budget.
+7. **Widget tests need a double `tester.pump()`** after a broadcast-stream emission (one pump delivers the event, the second rebuilds). Verified with a diagnostic harness that the implementation was correct and only the test needed the fix.
+
 ## Deviations from design (Batch 2)
 
 1. **Event subscription lives in the `EstadoAlarmas` CONSTRUCTOR**, not `inicializar` (task text said inicializar). Rationale: snoozed events must be recorded even before/without full init, and tests with `iniciarAutomaticamente: false` stay light. Cancelled in `dispose`.
@@ -271,9 +328,34 @@ From tasks.md Section 11 — S1 items still pending from Batch 1, plus new S2 it
 4. **Locale switch sanity:** change app language in Ajustes → alarm titles/station names sent to new native schedules use the new language (l10n now configured per locale change, not per rebuild).
 5. **Settings import still reflects alarms immediately** (cache bypass in `cargar()`): import a backup with alarms → the alarms list shows them without restarting the app.
 
+## Verification summary (Batch 4)
+
+- `flutter test`: 99/99 passing (89 baseline + 10 new across 2 files); re-run after `dart format`
+- `flutter analyze`: No issues found (identical to baseline); re-run after format
+- `dart format`: applied to all 9 touched Dart files (2 reflowed); gen/ untouched by hand
+- `flutter gen-l10n`: run once after the 13 .arb edits
+- `flutter build`: NOT run (forbidden)
+- No Kotlin/native files touched in this batch (S7-R4: native alarm audio path untouched by construction)
+
+### What the buffer actually buys (honest expectations, Design 7.1)
+
+- Configured: ExoPlayer keeps a 15-50s forward buffer; playback (re)starts after 2.5s buffered (5s after a rebuffer); time prioritized over byte thresholds.
+- Real drop ≲ buffered cushion (typically a few seconds up to ~15-30s depending on bitrate and how full the buffer was): audio keeps playing through the cushion, no UI change.
+- Drop longer than the cushion: playback stalls → "Reconectando..." spinner state (no error dialog/snackbar) → up to 5 backoff retries (1/2/4/8/16s delays + 12s attempt timeout each, total window ≈ up to ~90s) → on recovery the player rejoins the LIVE edge (live radio has no rewind — the missed audio is gone, not replayed) → on exhaustion, the single existing friendly error with manual retry.
+
+### On-device verification items added by Batch 4 (user — Android device)
+
+1. **Short drop plays through (S7-R1, checklist item 9):** while the radio plays (let it run ~1 min so the buffer fills), disable WiFi/LTE for ~10s → audio continues without interruption and no UI state change.
+2. **Long drop reconnects (S7-R2/R3, checklist item 9):** disable connectivity ~45s → mini player and full player show "Reconectando..." with spinner (NO error dialog/snackbar); re-enable within ~90s → playback resumes at the live edge automatically.
+3. **Exhaustion surfaces one error (S7-R2-C):** leave connectivity off >2 min → exactly ONE error state with the manual retry button appears after retries exhaust; no error spam during the retry window.
+4. **User pause/stop during reconnect (S7-R6):** trigger a drop, then tap pause/stop while "Reconectando..." → playback stays stopped; it must NOT restart on its own when connectivity returns.
+5. **Alarm fallback not delayed (S7-R4, checklist item 11):** alarm with a non-responding station URL → bundled WAV fires within the existing ~12-15s window, NOT extended by reconnect attempts.
+6. **Recording during a drop (S7-R5):** record while forcing a drop → recording fails/stops cleanly per existing behavior; a subsequent recording start works.
+7. **Sleep timer during a drop (S7-R6):** sleep timer expiring during "Reconectando..." stops audio for good.
+
 ## Workload / boundary
 
 - Mode: auto-chain local slices (no PRs)
-- Current work units: S1, S2a, S2b (committed f3e9487), S3a + S3b (complete, in working tree)
-- Boundary (Batch 3): starts from the clean post-f3e9487 tree; ends with S3a+S3b fully checked off, suite green. Rollback = revert the Batch-3 files listed above (Dart-only; no native edits).
-- Next batch: S7 (streaming resilience) — depends on the `_intencionReproducir` seam and `ObjetivoAudioInterrumpible` landed here. No on-device prerequisite for S7 implementation, but items 1-2 above validate the seam S7 builds on.
+- Current work units: S1, S2a, S2b, S3a, S3b (committed f3e9487, 079e19f), S7 (complete, in working tree)
+- Boundary (Batch 4): starts from the clean post-079e19f tree; ends with S7 fully checked off, suite green (99/99). Rollback = revert the Batch-4 files listed above (Dart-only; no native edits).
+- Next batch: S4a (ServicioExportImport + EstadoEcualizador extraction). No dependency on S7; on-device items above can be verified in parallel.
diff --git a/openspec/changes/app-quality-and-native-alarms/tasks.md b/openspec/changes/app-quality-and-native-alarms/tasks.md
index c352840..9e56fd3 100644
--- a/openspec/changes/app-quality-and-native-alarms/tasks.md
+++ b/openspec/changes/app-quality-and-native-alarms/tasks.md
@@ -253,32 +253,32 @@ Chain strategy: N/A (local apply)
 
 ### S7 pre-work: write failing tests
 
-- [ ] **T-S7-01** [RED] Create `test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart`:
-  - Test A: backoff delay sequence for retries 1–5 is [1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 16s] capped at maxDelay (S7-R7).
-  - Test B: `_intencionReproducir=true` + stall → `reconectando` state emitted, reconnect scheduled (S7-R2-A, S7-R7).
-  - Test C: `_intencionReproducir=false` + stall → NO reconnect (S7-R2-B, S7-R7).
-  - Test D: after `maxRetries` exhausted → error state emitted (S7-R2-C, S7-R7).
-  - Test E: successful reconnect resets retry counter (S7-R7).
-  - Test F: user stop during stall cancels reconnect (S7-R6, S7-R7).
-  **~70 lines.**
-- [ ] **T-S7-02** [RED] Add test in `test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart`: buffer config (`AndroidLoadControl`) applied to player construction (S7-R1). **~15 lines.**
-- [ ] **T-S7-03** [RED] Add widget test `test/widgets/reconnect_ui_test.dart`: no `AlertDialog`/`SnackBar` shown while handler in `reconectando` state (S7-R3-A). **~20 lines.**
+- [x] **T-S7-01** [RED] Create `test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart`:
+  - Test A: backoff delay sequence for retries 1–5 is [1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 16s] capped at maxDelay (S7-R7). **DONE (+ cap test with custom maxDelay).**
+  - Test B: `_intencionReproducir=true` + stall → `reconectando` state emitted, reconnect scheduled (S7-R2-A, S7-R7). **DONE — decision/scheduling tested at `ControladorReconexion` level (extracted pure logic; the handler itself needs platform channels); state emission covered by the widget test.**
+  - Test C: `_intencionReproducir=false` + stall → NO reconnect (S7-R2-B, S7-R7). **DONE.**
+  - Test D: after `maxRetries` exhausted → error state emitted (S7-R2-C, S7-R7). **DONE (`DecisionReconexion.agotado` → handler falls through to existing terminal error path).**
+  - Test E: successful reconnect resets retry counter (S7-R7). **DONE (`restablecer()` + backoff restarts at base).**
+  - Test F: user stop during stall cancels reconnect (S7-R6, S7-R7). **DONE (`cancelar()` kills the pending timer; fired-after-cancel never retries).**
+  **8 tests, RED captured first (load failure: controller file missing).**
+- [x] **T-S7-02** [RED] Add test in `test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart`: buffer config (`AndroidLoadControl`) applied to player construction (S7-R1). **DONE — asserts `PluriWaveAudioHandler.configuracionCargaAndroid` values (15s/50s/2.5s/5s/prioritizeTime); construction wiring not unit-testable without platform channels, verified by code + on-device.**
+- [x] **T-S7-03** [RED] Add widget test `test/widgets/reconnect_ui_test.dart`: no `AlertDialog`/`SnackBar` shown while handler in `reconectando` state (S7-R3-A). **DONE — also asserts spinner + localized "Reconectando..." label and that the manual-retry button appears ONLY in error state.**
 
 ### S7 implementation
 
-- [ ] **T-S7-04** [GREEN] Edit `lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart` `_crearPlayer` (lines 159-163): pass `AudioLoadConfiguration(androidLoadControl: AndroidLoadControl(minBufferDuration: 15s, maxBufferDuration: 50s, bufferForPlaybackDuration: 2.5s, bufferForPlaybackAfterRebufferDuration: 5s, prioritizeTimeOverSizeThresholds: true))` at construction. Values extracted as named constants, NOT magic literals. **Reqs:** S7-R1. **~25 lines.**
-- [ ] **T-S7-05** [GREEN] Edit `lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart`: add `EstadoReproduccion.reconectando` to the state enum (line 14). **Reqs:** S7-R2, S7-R3. **~3 lines.**
-- [ ] **T-S7-06** [GREEN] Edit `lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart` `_gestionarErrorReproduccion` (lines 207-236) and `_eventosSub.onError` (lines 189-194): instead of transitioning immediately to terminal error when `_intencionReproducir == true` and error is network-class (2xxx range), enter the reconnect state machine — emit `reconectando`, schedule backoff retry using `_cambiarFuente` revision guard. Cancel/reset on user stop or source switch. After `maxRetries` exhaustion fall through to existing terminal error path. Configurable: `_maxRetries = 5`, `_baseDelay = 1s`, `_maxDelay = 30s`. **Reqs:** S7-R2. **~130 lines.**
-- [ ] **T-S7-07** [GREEN] Edit `lib/widgets/mini_reproductor.dart` and any player UI: map `EstadoReproduccion.reconectando` → buffering/loading indicator (NOT error dialog). **Reqs:** S7-R3. **~20 lines.**
-- [ ] **T-S7-08** [GREEN] Edit `lib/pantallas/pantalla_alarma_sonando.dart` (alarm pre-start / estadoStream listener): ensure `reconectando` is NOT treated as `reproduciendo`; the alarm's existing 12-second fallback timer remains authoritative. Add a comment documenting the boundary. **Reqs:** S7-R4. **~10 lines.**
-- [ ] **T-S7-09** [GREEN] Confirm `ServicioGrabacionRadio` error-handling code is NOT modified by S7 changes. Add inline comment referencing S7-R5 invariant. **Reqs:** S7-R5. **~3 lines (comment only).**
+- [x] **T-S7-04** [GREEN] `_crearPlayer` now passes `audioLoadConfiguration: configuracionCargaAndroid` (15s/50s/2.5s/5s, `prioritizeTimeOverSizeThresholds: true`) — values as named `static const` (`bufferMinimo`/`bufferMaximo`/`bufferParaIniciar`/`bufferTrasRebuffer`). API verified against installed just_audio 0.9.46 source: all params exist, no deviation. **Reqs:** S7-R1. **DONE.**
+- [x] **T-S7-05** [GREEN] `EstadoReproduccion.reconectando` added; `ServicioAudio.estadoStream` maps it from the handler's `reconectando` flag (after the terminal-error check, before cargando). **Reqs:** S7-R2, S7-R3. **DONE.**
+- [x] **T-S7-06** [GREEN] Reconnect state machine: pure backoff/decision logic extracted to NEW `lib/servicios/controlador_reconexion.dart` (`ControladorReconexion`, maxReintentos=5, base=1s, cap=30s, injectable timer factory); `_gestionarErrorReproduccion` enters it for network-class errors (`PlayerException` 2xxx OR `TimeoutException` from the 12s source guard) when intent=play; retries re-issue the source through the revision-guarded `_cambiarFuente` queue; success (`ready`+`playing`) resets; `pause`/`stop`/`playMediaItem` cancel/reset; exhaustion falls through to the single terminal error. `_cambiarFuente` completes normally when reconnect engaged so `EstadoRadio.reproducir` does NOT snackbar during retries (S7-R3). **Reqs:** S7-R2. **DONE.**
+- [x] **T-S7-07** [GREEN] `mini_reproductor.dart` (spinner for reconectando + `playbackStatusReconnecting` label in `_labelEstado`), `pantalla_reproductor.dart` (`_WaveHero` + `_Controles` treat reconectando as loading, not error), `visualizador_audio.dart` (reconectando keeps the visualizer active like cargando). NEW l10n key `playbackStatusReconnecting` in ALL 13 .arb locales + gen-l10n. **Reqs:** S7-R3. **DONE.**
+- [x] **T-S7-08** [GREEN] Boundary comment added at the `_estadoSub` listener in `pantalla_alarma_sonando.dart`: only `reproduciendo` cancels the 12s fallback timer; `reconectando` does NOT count as playing, WAV fallback stays authoritative. (Code already correct by construction — the listener checks `== reproduciendo`.) **Reqs:** S7-R4. **DONE.**
+- [x] **T-S7-09** [GREEN] `ServicioGrabacionRadio` error handling untouched; S7-R5 invariant comment added above `_fallar`. **Reqs:** S7-R5. **DONE.**
 
 ### S7 verification
 
-- [ ] **T-S7-10** Run `flutter test test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart test/widgets/reconnect_ui_test.dart`.
-- [ ] **T-S7-11** Run `flutter test` (full suite) — no regressions.
-- [ ] **T-S7-12** Run `flutter analyze` — zero errors.
-- [ ] **T-S7-13** Run `dart format lib/servicios/servicio_audio.dart lib/widgets/mini_reproductor.dart lib/pantallas/pantalla_alarma_sonando.dart`.
+- [x] **T-S7-10** Run `flutter test test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart test/widgets/reconnect_ui_test.dart` — 10/10 green (RED captured first: `+0 -2` load failures).
+- [x] **T-S7-11** Run `flutter test` (full suite) — 99/99 passing (89 baseline + 10 new), no regressions.
+- [x] **T-S7-12** Run `flutter analyze` — `No issues found!`.
+- [x] **T-S7-13** Run `dart format` on all 9 touched Dart files (incl. new controller, pantalla_reproductor, visualizador, grabacion, both test files; 2 reflowed).
 
 ### S7 Definition of Done
 - `flutter test` green (all reconnect tests passing).
diff --git a/test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart b/test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c81a908
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/servicios/servicio_audio_reconnect_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/controlador_reconexion.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
+
+/// Fake timer injected through the controller's timer factory so backoff
+/// scheduling is observable without real delays or platform channels.
+class _TemporizadorFalso implements Timer {
+  _TemporizadorFalso(this.duracion, this.callback);
+
+  final Duration duracion;
+  final void Function() callback;
+  bool cancelado = false;
+
+  @override
+  void cancel() => cancelado = true;
+
+  @override
+  bool get isActive => !cancelado;
+
+  @override
+  int get tick => 0;
+
+  void disparar() {
+    if (!cancelado) callback();
+  }
+}
+
+ControladorReconexion _controlador({
+  int maxReintentos = 5,
+  Duration retrasoMaximo = const Duration(seconds: 30),
+  required List<_TemporizadorFalso> temporizadores,
+}) {
+  return ControladorReconexion(
+    maxReintentos: maxReintentos,
+    retrasoMaximo: retrasoMaximo,
+    crearTemporizador: (duracion, callback) {
+      final timer = _TemporizadorFalso(duracion, callback);
+      temporizadores.add(timer);
+      return timer;
+    },
+  );
+}
+
+void main() {
+  group('ControladorReconexion — backoff (S7-R2-D, S7-R7)', () {
+    test('secuencia de retrasos 1-5 es [1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, 16s]', () {
+      final controlador = ControladorReconexion();
+      expect(
+        [for (var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) controlador.retrasoParaIntento(i)],
+        const [
+          Duration(seconds: 1),
+          Duration(seconds: 2),
+          Duration(seconds: 4),
+          Duration(seconds: 8),
+          Duration(seconds: 16),
+        ],
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('el retraso queda limitado por retrasoMaximo', () {
+      final controlador = ControladorReconexion(
+        retrasoMaximo: Duration(seconds: 10),
+      );
+      expect(
+        controlador.retrasoParaIntento(5),
+        const Duration(seconds: 10),
+        reason: '16s sin limite, pero el maximo configurado es 10s',
+      );
+      expect(
+        ControladorReconexion().retrasoParaIntento(6),
+        const Duration(seconds: 30),
+        reason: '32s supera el maximo por defecto de 30s',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('ControladorReconexion — decision de reintento (S7-R2, S7-R7)', () {
+    test('intencion=true + fallo => reintento programado con backoff', () {
+      final temporizadores = <_TemporizadorFalso>[];
+      final controlador = _controlador(temporizadores: temporizadores);
+      var reintentos = 0;
+
+      final decision = controlador.registrarFallo(
+        intencionReproducir: true,
+        alReintentar: () => reintentos++,
+      );
+
+      expect(decision, DecisionReconexion.reintentar);
+      expect(controlador.intentos, 1);
+      expect(controlador.reintentoPendiente, isTrue);
+      expect(temporizadores, hasLength(1));
+      expect(temporizadores.single.duracion, const Duration(seconds: 1));
+
+      temporizadores.single.disparar();
+      expect(reintentos, 1, reason: 'el callback corre al vencer el backoff');
+    });
+
+    test('intencion=false + fallo => NO se programa reintento (S7-R2-B)', () {
+      final temporizadores = <_TemporizadorFalso>[];
+      final controlador = _controlador(temporizadores: temporizadores);
+
+      final decision = controlador.registrarFallo(
+        intencionReproducir: false,
+        alReintentar: () => fail('no debe reintentar con intencion=false'),
+      );
+
+      expect(decision, DecisionReconexion.ignorar);
+      expect(controlador.intentos, 0);
+      expect(controlador.reintentoPendiente, isFalse);
+      expect(temporizadores, isEmpty);
+    });
+
+    test('tras maxReintentos agotados => agotado, sin mas reintentos '
+        '(S7-R2-C)', () {
+      final temporizadores = <_TemporizadorFalso>[];
+      final controlador = _controlador(
+        maxReintentos: 2,
+        temporizadores: temporizadores,
+      );
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        expect(
+          controlador.registrarFallo(
+            intencionReproducir: true,
+            alReintentar: () {},
+          ),
+          DecisionReconexion.reintentar,
+        );
+      }
+      final decision = controlador.registrarFallo(
+        intencionReproducir: true,
+        alReintentar: () => fail('no debe programar tras agotar reintentos'),
+      );
+
+      expect(decision, DecisionReconexion.agotado);
+      expect(controlador.reintentoPendiente, isFalse);
+      expect(temporizadores, hasLength(2));
+    });
+
+    test('una reconexion exitosa restablece el contador (S7-R7)', () {
+      final temporizadores = <_TemporizadorFalso>[];
+      final controlador = _controlador(temporizadores: temporizadores);
+
+      controlador.registrarFallo(
+        intencionReproducir: true,
+        alReintentar: () {},
+      );
+      controlador.registrarFallo(
+        intencionReproducir: true,
+        alReintentar: () {},
+      );
+      expect(controlador.intentos, 2);
+
+      controlador.restablecer();
+
+      expect(controlador.intentos, 0);
+      expect(controlador.reintentoPendiente, isFalse);
+      controlador.registrarFallo(
+        intencionReproducir: true,
+        alReintentar: () {},
+      );
+      expect(
+        temporizadores.last.duracion,
+        const Duration(seconds: 1),
+        reason: 'tras restablecer, el backoff arranca de nuevo en la base',
+      );
+    });
+
+    test('stop del usuario durante el stall cancela el reintento (S7-R6)', () {
+      final temporizadores = <_TemporizadorFalso>[];
+      final controlador = _controlador(temporizadores: temporizadores);
+      var reintentos = 0;
+
+      controlador.registrarFallo(
+        intencionReproducir: true,
+        alReintentar: () => reintentos++,
+      );
+      expect(controlador.reintentoPendiente, isTrue);
+
+      controlador.cancelar();
+
+      expect(controlador.reintentoPendiente, isFalse);
+      expect(temporizadores.single.cancelado, isTrue);
+      temporizadores.single.disparar();
+      expect(reintentos, 0, reason: 'un timer cancelado nunca reintenta');
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('Buffer de stream en vivo (S7-R1)', () {
+    test('la configuracion Android usa los valores del diseno 7.1', () {
+      const config = PluriWaveAudioHandler.configuracionCargaAndroid;
+      final control = config.androidLoadControl;
+
+      expect(control, isNotNull);
+      expect(control!.minBufferDuration, const Duration(seconds: 15));
+      expect(control.maxBufferDuration, const Duration(seconds: 50));
+      expect(
+        control.bufferForPlaybackDuration,
+        const Duration(milliseconds: 2500),
+      );
+      expect(
+        control.bufferForPlaybackAfterRebufferDuration,
+        const Duration(seconds: 5),
+      );
+      expect(control.prioritizeTimeOverSizeThresholds, isTrue);
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/test/widgets/reconnect_ui_test.dart b/test/widgets/reconnect_ui_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7307e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/widgets/reconnect_ui_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/estado/estado_radio.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/l10n/gen/app_localizations.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/servicios/servicio_audio.dart';
+import 'package:pluriwave/widgets/mini_reproductor.dart';
+import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
+
+import '../helpers/fakes.dart';
+import '../helpers/fakes_alarmas.dart';
+
+EstadoRadio _estadoRadio(FakeServicioAudio audio) {
+  return EstadoRadio(
+    audio: audio,
+    favoritos: FakeServicioFavoritos(),
+    radio: FakeServicioRadio(),
+    servicioEcualizador: FakeServicioEcualizador(),
+    servicioGrabacion: FakeServicioGrabacionRadioInactiva(),
+    iniciarAutomaticamente: false,
+  );
+}
+
+/// S7-R3-A: while the handler is reconnecting, the UI shows a loading
+/// indicator — never an error dialog or snackbar per retry attempt.
+void main() {
+  testWidgets(
+    'estado reconectando muestra indicador de carga, sin dialogo ni snackbar',
+    (tester) async {
+      final audio = FakeServicioAudio();
+      final estado = _estadoRadio(audio);
+      addTearDown(estado.dispose);
+      await audio.reproducir(emisoraDemo(uuid: 'r1', nombre: 'Radio Uno'));
+
+      await tester.pumpWidget(
+        ChangeNotifierProvider<EstadoRadio>.value(
+          value: estado,
+          child: MaterialApp(
+            locale: const Locale('es'),
+            localizationsDelegates: AppLocalizations.localizationsDelegates,
+            supportedLocales: AppLocalizations.supportedLocales,
+            home: const Scaffold(body: MiniReproductor()),
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+      audio.emitirEstado(EstadoReproduccion.reconectando);
+      // Two pumps: one delivers the stream event, one rebuilds the frame.
+      await tester.pump();
+      await tester.pump();
+
+      expect(find.byType(AlertDialog), findsNothing);
+      expect(find.byType(SnackBar), findsNothing);
+      expect(
+        find.byType(CircularProgressIndicator),
+        findsOneWidget,
+        reason: 'reconectando se presenta como carga, no como error',
+      );
+      expect(
+        find.byIcon(Icons.refresh_rounded),
+        findsNothing,
+        reason: 'el boton de reintento manual es solo para el estado error',
+      );
+      expect(find.text('Reconectando...'), findsOneWidget);
+    },
+  );
+
+  testWidgets('el estado error si muestra el boton de reintento manual', (
+    tester,
+  ) async {
+    final audio = FakeServicioAudio();
+    final estado = _estadoRadio(audio);
+    addTearDown(estado.dispose);
+    await audio.reproducir(emisoraDemo(uuid: 'r1', nombre: 'Radio Uno'));
+
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      ChangeNotifierProvider<EstadoRadio>.value(
+        value: estado,
+        child: MaterialApp(
+          locale: const Locale('es'),
+          localizationsDelegates: AppLocalizations.localizationsDelegates,
+          supportedLocales: AppLocalizations.supportedLocales,
+          home: const Scaffold(body: MiniReproductor()),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    await tester.pumpAndSettle();
+
+    audio.emitirEstado(EstadoReproduccion.error);
+    await tester.pump();
+    await tester.pump();
+
+    expect(find.byType(AlertDialog), findsNothing);
+    expect(find.byIcon(Icons.refresh_rounded), findsOneWidget);
+  });
+}